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| 1 |
ID:
088184
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2008-09.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Palestinian-Israeli conflict does not date from today or the 1967 war; it goes back to the 1930s and 1940s when the Zionist movement stepped up its efforts to bring Jewish immigrants to Palestine, thus setting the stage for a future confrontation with the Palestinian Arabs. This confrontation had its full expression in the 1948 war, as a result of which the state of Israel was created and more than two-thirds of the Palestinians were uprooted from their homeland and became refugees. The international community failed then and has continued to fail so far to resolve this problem, and General Assembly Resolution 194 remains largely a symbol of the Palestinians' demand to be allowed to return to their homes and lands in what became known as Israel. Since then, any discussion revolving around the Israeli-Palestinian conflict switches immediately to a discussion of the Palestinians' right to return
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| 2 |
ID:
088195
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| Publication |
2008-09.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Resolving the Palestinian refugee issue has been too long neglected and delayed. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians live in degradation and despair, and many live in limbo, awaiting a political solution to problems created more than 60 years ago when Israel came into existence.
What to do? Some put forward South Africa's one-man one-vote one-state as a solution: Israel must disappear, it is argued, to be replaced by a single Jewish-Arab state; all Palestinian refugees must have the right to return to this state if they want to and must have the right to reclaim property they lost in 1948.
This is a siren's voice, sounded only by ignoring realities and brushing aside the fact that South Africa and Israel/Palestine have different histories and different peoples and what has been successful for one doesn't spell success for the other. One size does not fit all.
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| 3 |
ID:
088199
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| Publication |
2008-09.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The supervision of energy efficiency in government office buildings and large-scale public buildings is the main embodiment for government implementation of Public Administration in the fields of resource saving and environmental protection. Aimed at improving the current situation of lack of government administration in building energy efficiency, this paper proposes the concept of "change and redesign of governmental supervision in building energy efficiency", repositioning the role of government supervision. Based on this theory and other related theories in regulation economic and modern management, this paper analyzes and researches the action and function of all level governments in execution of the supervisory system of building energy efficiency in government office buildings and large-scale public buildings. This paper also defines the importance of government supervision in energy-efficiency system. Finally, this paper analyzes and researches the interaction mechanism between government and owners of different type buildings, government and energy-efficiency service institution with gambling as main features. This paper also presents some measurements to achieve a common benefit community in implementation of building energy-efficiency supervisory system.
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| 4 |
ID:
088186
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| Publication |
2008-09.
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| Summary/Abstract |
One of the most important lessons we have learned from the 60-year Palestinian-Israeli conflict is that the essence of the struggle has not changed: It is the expulsion of the people of Palestine from their homes and the confiscation of their land. Since then the Palestinian refugees have been dispersed all over the world, many of them living in deplorable conditions in exile, others suffering under occupation or virtual siege, harassed by friend and foe alike. The implementation of their inalienable rights is the key to a permanent peace. All else, including a Palestinian state, so-called regional cooperation or other contrived devices to obscure this fundamental issue, is peripheral. In addition, the misrepresentation of the Right of Return by Israel and its defenders, the United States in particular, is driven more by fear about, rather than interest in, their rights. However, the refugees issue is still the main problem to contend with and is imposing itself on every agenda of negotiating the question of Palestine.1 This article will propose a practical and reasonable solution for the refugees to exercise their right to return to their homes.
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| 5 |
ID:
088200
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| Publication |
2008-09.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Chinese central government released a document to initiate a task of energy efficiency supervision system construction for government office buildings and large-scale public buildings in 2007, which marks the overall start of existing buildings energy efficiency management in China with the government office buildings and large-scale public buildings as a breakthrough. This paper focused on the implementing effect in the demonstration region all over China for less than one year, firstly introduced the target and path of energy efficiency supervision system, then described the achievements and problems during the implementing process in the first demonstration provinces and cities. A certain data from the energy efficiency public notice in some typical demonstration provinces and cities were analyzed statistically. It can be concluded that different functional buildings have different energy consumption and the average energy consumption of large-scale public buildings is too high in China compared with the common public buildings and residential buildings. The obstacles need to be overcome afterward were summarized and the prospects for the future work were also put forward in the end.
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| 6 |
ID:
088188
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| 7 |
ID:
088185
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| Publication |
2008-09.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Since the beginning of the Oslo process, the relative weight and attention given to each of the core issues to be negotiated has significantly evolved. Initially, the greatest conceptual and political challenge centered on the question of Palestinian statehood, with the refugee issue regarded, to a large extent, as a non-issue at best or, at worst, as one that would solve itself within the last stages of the negotiations. Yet a decade later, a convergence of various political, economic and cultural forces has reshaped the conflict environment and altered Israeli perceptions and expectations, with Palestinian statehood generally accepted as a given, and the refugee issue taking center stage.
While the issue is little discussed within the general public domain in Israel, perhaps the best way to describe the Israeli perspective, from a leadership standpoint, is that there seems to be a sense of being overwhelmed. This sense emerges from two factors: One is the realization that a failure to address the issue could ultimately prevent a final peace settlement, thus closing the window of opportunity on what is still held to be Israel's leading strategic objective - a negotiated comprehensive Permanent Status Agreement (PSA); the other is the inability to clearly define Israel's interests concerning most of the detailed elements involved.
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| 8 |
ID:
088189
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| Publication |
2008-09.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Israel should be held responsible, not only for preventing the return of the Palestinian refugees to their homes, but also for the violation of their property rights and privileges, which are stipulated by United Nations resolutions - in particular, General Assembly Resolution 194 (III) - and other international rulings.
By the end of the war in1949 and the conclusion of the Armistice agreements with the Arab governments (separately with Jordan, Egypt and Syria), 20,418,000 dunums* of land were controlled by Israel; 5,555,000 dunums by Jordan; and 350,000 dunums by Egypt.
Hundreds of Palestinian villages, towns, cities and neighborhoods were emptied of their native residents and taken over by the Israelis. According to Prof. Don Peretz, the Arabs left whole cities, including Jaffa, Acre, Lydda, Ramle, Beisan and al-Majdal; 388 towns and villages; and large parts of 94 other cities and towns; containing almost a quarter of all buildings then in Israel. Tens of thousands of shops, businesses and stores were left in Jewish hands.1
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| 9 |
ID:
088190
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| 10 |
ID:
088187
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| Publication |
2008-09.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Palestinian internally displaced persons (IDPs) inside Israel are part of the larger Palestinian refugee population that was displaced/expelled from their villages and homes during the 1948 war in Palestine - the Nakba. While most of the refugees were displaced to the Arab states and the Palestinian territories that did not fall under Israeli control (i.e., the West Bank and the Gaza Strip), some 150,000 Palestinians remained in the areas of Palestine that became the state of Israel. This included approximately 30,000-40,000 Palestinians who were also displaced during the war. As in the case of the Palestinian refugees who were displaced/expelled beyond the borders of the new state, Israel refused to allow internally displaced Palestinians to return to their homes and villages.
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| 11 |
ID:
088192
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| 12 |
ID:
088191
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| 13 |
ID:
088193
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| Publication |
2008-09.
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| Summary/Abstract |
For 40 years we did not speak about it. It did not exist. It was not an issue. It was not only that former Prime Minister Golda Meir said there was no Palestinian people; nobody dared to speak about the issue of refugees returning, and no one admitted that they would be allowed to come back to a state of Palestine.
First of all, there is no way that the issue of refugees will not be an integral part of the final status agreement. In fact, the final status talks that started under then-Prime Minister Ehud Barak in 1999 included the refugee issue on the agenda.
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| 14 |
ID:
088194
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| Publication |
2008-09.
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| Summary/Abstract |
For six decades the Palestine refugees and their descendants have suffered dispossession, exile, conflict and poverty. Many thousands have lived their lives in concrete shanties where opportunities are few and despair can be endemic. Their plight is unique in its longevity and intractability and so, in turn, a unique organization has catered for their needs.
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) came into being in December 1949 and has been with the refugees as they faced conflicts and crises, periods of hope and long years of disappointment. It is a relationship unparalleled in the annals of humanitarian and development assistance.
The Palestinian flight from Mandate Palestine began in 1947, but the vast majority left between April and August 1948. The population from northern Palestine largely moved into Syria and Lebanon. From Jaffa and the south, the refugees crowded into the Gaza Strip. In all, some 200,000 refugees, including about 30,000 Bedouins from around Beersheba, went to Gaza, increasing the population of a dusty strip of dunes by a factor of three. The Arab population of the coastal plains, including some from Haifa and Jaffa, and most Arab inhabitants of Ramle and around Jerusalem sought protection in the hills of the West Bank - doubling its population in the process. In 1948 and again in 1967, tens of thousands were displaced into Jordan.
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