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ID:
088217
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study simulates a CO2 permit market in Romania using a dynamic general equilibrium model. The carbon constraint is set at 20.7% below the reference emissions level for sectors eligible according to the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS). Free permit distribution enhances growth despite a severe emissions cap, because environmental regulation stimulates structural changes [Porter, M., 1991. American's green strategy. Scientific American 264, 168]. That is, grandfathering allows sectors additional resources to invest in developing technologies, but it also raises the CO2 abatement costs because of energy rebound effects from enhanced growth. Results under endogenous growth [Romer, P.M., 1990. Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy 98 (5), 71-102] are very similar to those obtained under an exogenous growth scenario [Ramsey, Y.F., 1928. A mathematical theory of saving. Economic Journal 38, 543-559], as the substitution effects are responsible for the majority of variations; in addition, Romanian research activities are too modest to significantly impact this system. The abatement cost per unit of GDP is higher under endogenous growth, as spillover effects reduce incentives to invest. Technological diffusion continues to have a positive impact on economic growth, which counterbalances the free-riding attitude adopted by some energy-intensive sectors, such as glass and cement.
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| 2 |
ID:
193772
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| Summary/Abstract |
China has undergone significant deviations from the command economy established in 1949, achieving unprecedented success in sustaining high growth. Consequently, numerous scholars have devoted their attention to studying China's economic development. In this study, we contribute to this literature using a new technique to examine China's economic development. This technique utilizes nonparametric directional distance function in the framework of neoclassical growth theory. It avoids the assumptions imposed on parametric production functions that are often short of practical justifications. Our analysis shows that capital and energy inputs account for 75.7% and 20.8% of China's GDP growth during 1985–2020. These figures characterize a capital-driven growth model that is unlikely to be sustainable by conventional wisdom. However, our empirical evidence, obtained through an interactive-fixed effects model, indicates that it is not unreasonable to say that growth in China is government-led rather than capital-driven; the former could be sustained by desirable reforms under strong national leadership while the latter is not.
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