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| 1 |
ID:
168318
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| Summary/Abstract |
The energy consumption of residential buildings represents a relevant portion of energy use at the global level. In some regions of old Europe, a large portion of the residential building stock was built in an era of low energy prices, without much attention to energy efficiency, local pollution, and greenhouse gases emissions. Today they can be renewed with energy-saving measures providing consistent benefits to the economy, air pollution, and climate. The paper shows how such energy-saving measures can be optimally planned when dealing with a regional domain, that presents a wide variety of urban conditions, construction styles, and localizations. The study builds upon the extensive dataset of individual building characteristics developed by Lombardy region in Northern Italy and proposes a plan that implements the regional directives already in force. The approach is based on the solution of a mathematical programming problem with two objectives. An efficient compromise solution is then selected considering all economic and environmental impacts. Such a preferred plan determines which actions should be undertaken, on which building types and in which municipality. The results suggest that the regional authorities should complement the current national policy with more specifically directed actions.
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| 2 |
ID:
088272
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The aim of this paper is to develop an approach and tools for cross-sectoral regional industrial GHG and energy policies. These policies can be conducted at different levels of society. To achieve real results in energy efficiency improvements and in GHG reductions, the policies must be focused on the correct levels in society. In Finland, the province level seems to be a reasonable level for a policy targeted at industry. This paper proposes a category for the ways industry uses energy: building energy users, major users of electricity for process/production, major users of heat for process/production and direct combustion users. This approach gives opportunities for developing regional cooperation among different industries. The approach is also important between industries and society, so that there are integrated solutions which e.g. utilise district heating and biofuel potentials. The individual technologies like electric motors, pumps, fans, heat recovery equipment and boilers do not seem to have any significant potentials for improvements in energy efficiency by the EU target year 2020. However, there are opportunities but they are at system levels: how effectively the individual technologies are applied as a part of industrial systems. This fact supports the idea of energy use categorising.
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| 3 |
ID:
101368
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Standalone levelised cost assessments of electricity supply options miss an important contribution that renewable and non-fossil fuel technologies can make to the electricity portfolio: that of reducing the variability of electricity costs, and their potentially damaging impact upon economic activity. Portfolio theory applications to the electricity generation mix have shown that renewable technologies, their costs being largely uncorrelated with non-renewable technologies, can offer such benefits. We look at the existing Scottish generation mix and examine drivers of changes out to 2020. We assess recent scenarios for the Scottish generation mix in 2020 against mean-variance efficient portfolios of electricity-generating technologies. Each of the scenarios studied implies a portfolio cost of electricity that is between 22% and 38% higher than the portfolio cost of electricity in 2007. These scenarios prove to be mean-variance "inefficient" in the sense that, for example, lower variance portfolios can be obtained without increasing portfolio costs, typically by expanding the share of renewables. As part of extensive sensitivity analysis, we find that Wave and Tidal technologies can contribute to lower risk electricity portfolios, while not increasing portfolio cost.
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| 4 |
ID:
109615
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study aims to investigate a relationship between economic development and air pollution at the regional level, and further suggest energy policies for climate change mitigation. The present study examines an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis analyzing annual panel data of 16 metropolitan regions in Korea over a 16-year time period. The analysis results show that there is no one-dominant shape of EKC for SO2 and NO2; each region has its own EKC. That is, although we find the potential existence of U-shaped and N-shaped curves, the region-specific coefficients are enormously heterogeneous across regions. For CO, on the other hand, the random coefficient model shows that there is a dominant U-shaped curve across regions. In addition, energy consumption appears to be the most significant variable in explaining air pollution. Based on these results, we assert that environmental policy should consider the different characteristics of each region and type of pollutant.
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