|
|
|
Sort Order |
|
|
|
Items / Page
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
103441
|
|
|
|
|
| Publication |
2011.
|
| Summary/Abstract |
This article deals with a specific support mechanism exempting offshore wind power generators partially from their balancing responsibilities by means of a tolerance margin. This specific support mechanism was enforced in Belgium as from 2009 and is defended by its proponents in view of the lower power output predictability at offshore locations. Although policies accommodating offshore developments may be seen as important to tap better wind resources, this contribution stresses the importance of full balancing responsibility for variable renewables. After a detailed evaluation of the support mechanism and its impact on the balancing costs for wind power generators, the use of current applied production support mechanisms is recommended. These can be used to acquire the same financial effect without increasing market complexity and harming the operation of the balancing market. The first part of the study deals with the specific implementation of the tolerance margin in the Belgian context. Secondly, its underlying motivation is quantitatively assessed, namely the relatively higher offshore prediction errors. Finally, the total offshore subsidy resulting from the measure is determined. Expressed in €/MWh, this subsidy is currently determined at €1.4-1.7/MWh, which represents the required increase of production support in order to replace the regulation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
ID:
163535
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
Thanks to new technological advancements and EU policy impulse, distributed energy resources (DER) are poised to become a viable alternative to conventional electricity generation for the provision of balancing services to transmission system operators. In this paper we show that the design variables that affect DER access to and participation in the organized balancing market include different features of auction configuration as well as a number of formal, administrative and technical aspects of market design. In a comparative case study of the balancing markets in Austria, Germany and the Netherlands, we determine the extent to which a given market design effectively facilitates DER participation. To structure this analysis, we designed an assessment framework that provides a comprehensive tool for the assessment of balancing markets in Europe vis-à-vis DER participation. Our results show that flexible pooling conditions, a higher bidding frequency and product resolution, and the authorization of non-precontracted bids, among others, can significantly ease DER integration in the market. Different design variables, however, can enhance or neutralize each other's effects, so their interrelations need to be taken into account in order to achieve an improved and harmonized balancing market design.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3 |
ID:
176660
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
Constructing spot markets is the core objective of the new round of electricity market reform kicked off in 2015 in China. A balancing market, as a critical part of a spot market, is an institutional arrangement that deals with balancing electricity demand and supply. Imbalance settlement provides a mechanism for settling the inevitable discrepancies between contractual agreements and physical delivery. Large proportions of long-term non-financially contracted electricity and a high share of renewable generation represent specific market situations in China and make balancing market operation and relevant imbalance settlement more difficult. This paper aims to investigate the effect of imbalance settlement design and exploit an effective evaluation method. An investigation model combining the methods of agent-based modelling (ABM) and multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is proposed to search for the optimal design elements for China's imbalance settlement. Different tolerance margins, Programme Time Units (PTUs) and imbalance pricing mechanisms in imbalance settlement design are analysed. The impacts of imbalance settlement on the behaviour of market participants and overall market are revealed. Finally, corresponding policy implications for imbalance settlement in China's balancing market are put forward. The proposed model also offers a tool for evaluating other design elements in a balancing market.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 4 |
ID:
088280
|
|
|
|
|
| Publication |
2009.
|
| Summary/Abstract |
The share of microgeneration (power generation at the level of households and small businesses) in the Dutch electricity system continues to grow. Over time, this development may pose a threat to the reliability and efficiency of the Dutch electricity balancing market. We investigated possible changes to the design of the Dutch balancing market that can maintain or even improve upon its current operational performance level. The first step of the research was an analysis of the existing Dutch balancing market. It consists of three main instruments: programme responsibility, the single buyer market for regulating and reserve power (RRP), and imbalance settlement. The balancing market currently functions satisfactorily. Subsequently, the effects of large-scale development of microgeneration in the Netherlands were evaluated with a qualitative scenario analysis. Four microgeneration scenarios and two methods for allocating the household electricity consumption and generation were considered. The four scenarios concerned large-scale penetration of PV, heat-led micro CHP, electricity-led micro CHP operated by the household consumer, and electricity-led micro CHP operated by the supply company. The last scenario was found to have the strongest positive net effect. Finally, six design options were identified for improving the Dutch balancing market design in case the share of microgeneration would increase substantially. Of these six options, adjusting the profile methodology and the regulation of smart meters are no-regret options that can be implemented immediately. The attractiveness of the other options depends upon the microgeneration portfolio that emerges, the manageability of large metering data flows, and the nature of the technical effects of large-scale microgeneration penetration.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5 |
ID:
177440
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
As global investment in renewable energy technologies continue to trend upward, the effects of variable (intermittent) renewable energy technologies on power markets have created serious challenges for regulators and policymakers. The literature on the effects of these technologies on day-ahead markets has been well established; however, further research is required on intra-day and real-time (balancing) markets to understand how these technologies are changing electricity market dynamics. In this respect, this study aims to assess the effects of the variable renewable energy technologies (wind and run-of-river hydro) on Turkish balancing market prices using quantile regression. In addition, ordered logistic regression is used to evaluate how system imbalances are changing as a result of these technologies. Model results show that system marginal price declines as variable renewable energy generation increases. Moreover, there is a higher probability of positive imbalance as the positive difference between real-time and projected variable renewable energy generation increases. Overall, an increase in variable renewable energy generation implies lower prices, but higher positive imbalances for the system. Hence, we recommend that Turkey should revise its current market design to incorporate the geographical and temporal generation characteristics of these technologies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 6 |
ID:
181436
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
Electricity balancing is one of the main demanders of short-term flexibility. To improve its integration, the recent regulation of the European Union introduces a common standalone balancing energy market. It allows actors that have not participated or not been awarded in the preceding balancing capacity market to participate as voluntary bidders or ‘second-chance’ bidders. We investigate the effect of these changes on balancing market efficiency and on strategic behavior in particular, using a combination of agent-based modelling and reinforcement learning. This paper is the first to model agents' interdependent bidding strategies in the balancing capacity and energy markets with the help of two collaborative reinforcement learning algorithms. Results reveal considerable efficiency gains in the balancing energy market from the introduction of voluntary bids even in highly concentrated markets while offering a new value stream to providers of short-term flexibility. ‘Second-chance’ bidders further drive competition, reducing balancing energy costs. However, we warn that this design change is likely to shift some of the activation costs to the balancing capacity market where agents are prompted to bid more strategically in the view of lower profits from balancing energy. As it is unlikely that the balancing capacity market can be removed altogether, we recommend integrating European balancing capacity markets on par with balancing energy markets and easing prequalification requirements to ensure sufficient competition.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7 |
ID:
176098
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
The UK's transition to a zero-carbon economy is inevitably leading to an electricity grid with a high penetration of intermittent renewable energy generation, resulting in the need to install grid-scale energy storage systems at an accelerating rate. This study has taken the perspective of a business owner to assess the profitability of deploying battery technologies in the UK electricity market by analysing arbitrage in electricity markets, capacity market auctions, and ancillary services (frequency response and reserve). Additional work was conducted for integrating battery arbitrage cycling with solar and wind generation, comparing the utilisation of a linear programming model against a simplistic threshold cycling model. An overall economic assessment of value streams found that the lowest payback periods for premium ancillary services were 3.3 years (advanced lead-acid battery providing fast reserve) and 6.6 years (lithium-ion battery providing frequency response). Moreover, this research has demonstrated promising returns on investment for stacking short-term operating reserve with arbitrage in the balancing market. In the near future, battery systems will likely attain accelerated deployment due to reforms in ancillary service structures, cost reductions in battery technologies, greater price volatility in the balancing market, and effective policy incentives introduced by the UK government.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|