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| 1 |
ID:
098706
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2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The recent development of the concept of microgrid (?Grid), associated to the emergent interest in microgeneration (?Gen), has raised a number of challenges regarding the evaluation of the technical, economical and regulatory impacts of a high penetration of this kind of solutions in the power systems. In this paper, the topic of security of supply is addressed, aiming at evaluating the influence of ?Gen and ?Grids in the medium- and long-term availability of generation to serve the forecasted load. A Monte-Carlo based methodology is used to evaluate this influence and to assess the capacity credit of those entities.
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| 2 |
ID:
088280
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The share of microgeneration (power generation at the level of households and small businesses) in the Dutch electricity system continues to grow. Over time, this development may pose a threat to the reliability and efficiency of the Dutch electricity balancing market. We investigated possible changes to the design of the Dutch balancing market that can maintain or even improve upon its current operational performance level. The first step of the research was an analysis of the existing Dutch balancing market. It consists of three main instruments: programme responsibility, the single buyer market for regulating and reserve power (RRP), and imbalance settlement. The balancing market currently functions satisfactorily. Subsequently, the effects of large-scale development of microgeneration in the Netherlands were evaluated with a qualitative scenario analysis. Four microgeneration scenarios and two methods for allocating the household electricity consumption and generation were considered. The four scenarios concerned large-scale penetration of PV, heat-led micro CHP, electricity-led micro CHP operated by the household consumer, and electricity-led micro CHP operated by the supply company. The last scenario was found to have the strongest positive net effect. Finally, six design options were identified for improving the Dutch balancing market design in case the share of microgeneration would increase substantially. Of these six options, adjusting the profile methodology and the regulation of smart meters are no-regret options that can be implemented immediately. The attractiveness of the other options depends upon the microgeneration portfolio that emerges, the manageability of large metering data flows, and the nature of the technical effects of large-scale microgeneration penetration.
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| 3 |
ID:
109452
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Business model choice plays an important source of competitive advantage for new ventures in the microgeneration sector. Yet, existing literature focuses on strategic management of internal resources as the constraints in this choice process. In the energy sector, external factors may be at least as influential in shaping these business models. This paper examines the roles of politico-institutional and socio-institutional dynamics in the choice of business models for microgeneration ventures. Business models have traditionally been viewed as constructions of the internal values, strategies, and resources of organizations. But, this perspective overlooks the role that external forces have on these models, particularly in more highly institutionalized contexts like microgeneration. When these factors are introduced into the existing framework for business model choice, the business model based less on firm decision-making and more about variables that exist within national innovation systems and political structure, local socio-technological conditions, and cognitive abilities of the entrepreneur and corresponding stakeholders.
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| 4 |
ID:
166455
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| Summary/Abstract |
One key means of reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by heating, lighting and ventilating buildings is the use of more efficient low and zero-carbon generating technologies (LZCGTs). In recognition of this, Section 72 of the Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009, requires Local Development Plans (LDPs) to include policies to ensure ‘that all new buildings avoid a specified and rising proportion of the projected greenhouse gas emissions from their use, calculated on the basis of the approved design and plans for the specific development, through the installation and operation of LZCGT's.’ This study utilises data collected from 5 Scottish Local Authorities who were early adopters of this policy and examines LZCGT uptake in a randomly selected sample of new domestic buildings and the impact the use of these technologies have on CO2 emission reduction. Quantitative data extracted from Standard Assessment Procedure reports submitted for Building Warrant was used to assess energy demand, energy consumption and CO2 emissions and identify trends in LZCGT uptake in the regions studied. This paper provides a number of key insights and recommendations that may foster greater and more impactful use of LZCGTs in Scotland.
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| 5 |
ID:
191399
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| Summary/Abstract |
In recent years, the increasing popularity of renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies is creating a new movement towards more sustainable communities. Understanding energy consumption is important for the optimisation of resources and the implementation of ecological trends. This paper integrates electricity consumers into a cooperative framework for planning sustainable smart communities through aggregators, which reallocates consumers’ demand according to available renewable energy supply collected from consumers and service providers. The aggregated demand response also includes consumers involved in energy production activities through microgeneration capabilities. A characterisation study of the different types of demand preferences is performed by defining scenarios of communities and consumers’ behaviours, which are validated through a reputation factor. The results show that the system adequately manages demand reallocation following the preferences and contribution of consumers and/or prosumers. Besides, this research analyses the current energy policy concerning demand flexibility, demand aggregation and microgeneration capacity, and their regulations in Spain. Finally, microgeneration acceptance, the role of aggregators and prosumers in the scheduling process is also investigated through a series of surveys.
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