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ID: 088480

Climate change and EU foreign policy: The negotiation of burden sharing / Vogler, John

Vogler, John	Journal Article
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2009.

Summary/Abstract

The European Union has established itself as the leader of attempts to construct a global climate change regime. This has become an important normative stance, part of its self-image and international identity. Yet it has also come to depend on the Union's ability to negotiate internally on the distribution of the burdens necessitated by its external pledges to cut emissions. The paper considers institutionalist hypotheses on cooperative bargaining and normative entrapment in EU internal negotiations before the 1997 Kyoto Protocol negotiations and the more recent approach to negotiations on a post-2012 regime. It finds that there is evidence to support the normative entrapment hypothesis in both cases, but that agreement in 1997 was facilitated by a very favourable context associated with a 1990 baseline.

Key Words

European Union ; Kyoto Protocol ; Global Climate Change ; Normative Entrapment ; Cooperative Bargaining

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ID: 088476

Consensus building in ESDP: the lessons of Operation Artemis / Dukem, Simon

Dukem, Simon	Journal Article
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Publication

2009.

Summary/Abstract

This paper examines how EU Member States reach agreement in the area of European Security and Defence Policy, including how differences are resolved and priorities aligned. The case study, Operation Artemis conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2003, is used to test the key explanatory hypotheses of normative institutionalism. It is argued that normative entrapment played a significant role, although the cooperative bargaining aspects were significantly modified in this case by the awareness that one larger EU Member State was willing to assume the bulk of the burdens.

Key Words

Congo ; ESDP, ; Operation Artemis, ; Normative Entrapment ; Normative Institutionalism

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