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| 1 |
ID:
090081
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In recent years, the wind power sector has begun to move offshore, i.e. to use space and good wind speeds on the open sea for large scale electricity generation. Offshore wind power, however, is not just technologically challenging but also a capital intensive and risky business that requires particular financial and organizational resources not all potential investors might have. We therefore address the question, what impact offshore wind power may have on ownership and organizational structures in the wind power sector. We compare on- and offshore wind park ownership in Denmark, the UK and Germany. The analysis shows that offshore wind power in all three countries is dominated by large firms, many of which are from the electricity sector. In Denmark and the UK, also investors from the gas and oil industry play an important role in the offshore wind business. This development represents a major shift for countries such as Germany and Denmark, in which the wind power sector has grown and matured on the basis of investments by individuals, farmers, cooperatives and independent project developers. The structural changes by which offshore wind power is accompanied have consequences for turbine manufacturers, project developers, investors, associations and policy makers in the field.
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| 2 |
ID:
089332
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The development of new energy export infrastructure, which bypasses Russia, has constituted a fundamental element of US and European engagement with the Caucasus in recent years, but has, to some extent, undermined Moscow's hegemony in an area that it considers to be its own 'strategic backyard'. This article examines the validity of the argument that Russian military intervention in Georgia in August 2008 was motivated by so-called 'petro-politics' and a desire to punish Tbilisi for its overt pro-Western orientation. It analyses the significance of the pipelines that transit Georgia and their implications for European energy security, together with the potential consequences of the 2008 conflict for future infrastructure developments.
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| 3 |
ID:
177337
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| Summary/Abstract |
In light of sluggish progress in developing renewable energy generation in Kazakhstan, this paper aims to investigate the perceptions and opinions of actors in the field regarding policy design and effectiveness of governance for renewables. Known for its vast natural resources including oil, gas, and coal, Kazakhstan has been using fossil fuels as a principal driver of its economy since 1991, when it gained the status of an independent nation. While policy on renewables and governance has been institutionalised since 2006, progress has been slow. Based on the data from in-depth interviews, the study identified that actors viewed policy design as a preliminary, although necessary, stage, subject to adjustments. The investors were concerned with multiple gaps and inconsistencies in the governance structure, and many walked away. The paper concludes that the use of active power of central government appeared insufficient for delivering results in policy design and governance. Making changes to its policy and governance, the government also needs to use its agenda-setting and preference-shaping power to ensure the engagement of investors, interest groups, local communities, and consumers for increasing renewable energy generation.
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