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ID: 089500

Countdown to ecstasy: development as eschatology / Parfitt, Trevor

Parfitt, Trevor	Journal Article
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2009.

Summary/Abstract

This paper examines the antinomies posed by a consideration of development as eschatology. Development is generally conceived as a grand narrative with humanity progressing inevitably to a redemptive goal, whether this be revolution or Rostovian consumerism. It is eschatological in structure. This opens development theory up to critique. Grand narratives premised on an end of history are open to criticism as utopian and exclusory through setting a limit-they conceive of a redemptive ending of time, but repress those excluded from the vision. However, this eschatological structure may also have a function in the shape of the Derridian conception of 'the promise'. This concept refers to a need to posit a closure that incorporates a redemptive, Messianic moment, which impels us to pursue the promise of that moment of development. Thus, the eschatological structure of development incorporates a risk of utopianism/exclusory violence-but we need the Messianic moment in order to conceptualise the goal that drives us to strive for progress.

Key Words

Pluralism ; Eschatology ; Ecstasy

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ID: 102081

Interaction between criminal groups and law enforcement: the case of ecstasy in the Netherlands / Spapens, Toine

Spapens, Toine	Journal Article
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Publication

2011.

Summary/Abstract

The police and the policymakers in the field of organised crime generally assume that criminal groups are very flexible in their responses to law enforcement intervention. They use this flexibility to explain why some forms of organised crime are very difficult to curb. Criminal groups may also develop more effective protection methods over time. Another explanation may be that others are quick to replace apprehended members of criminal groups, or even an entire criminal group that has been dismantled by law enforcement officials. This article addresses these questions empirically by examining the behaviour of criminal groups producing and trafficking ecstasy in the Netherlands between 1997 and 2006. It concludes that such groups were able to adapt to the methods and tactics used by the Dutch police to some extent. The main explanation for the continued production of ecstasy, however, is that criminal groups are replaced by new ones.

Key Words

Drug trafficking ; Organised Crime ; Policing ; Ecstasy ; Social Network Perspective

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