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| 1 |
ID:
147524
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| Summary/Abstract |
The global community is threatened by several kinds of disorder, including regional instabilities on land and the high seas (e.g., Ukraine, South China Sea). In addition, developing Russian and Chinese counterspace capabilities are creating new tensions in space. This article discusses similarities and differences between the maritime and space domains, governance, and how international cooperation in these domains could contribute to international stability. Current difficult questions related to the exercise of the right of self-defense in space are addressed with suggestions for future research. In light of the increasing importance and globalization of space activities, new norms of behavior in space need to be developed by like-minded national to create a more stable and secure international order.
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| 2 |
ID:
142558
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| Summary/Abstract |
After the Cold War ended in the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the space race was not the factor behind the space exploration and exploitation anymore. The aim of this paper is to analyze the transatlantic space cooperation between the USA (more specifically NASA) and the ESA. The cooperation can be driven by two major motives – economic and political. The empirical evidence suggests that while ESA is motivated by the economic one NASA is motivated by the political one. ESA is seemingly on NASA's tail but it benefits economically.
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| 3 |
ID:
089996
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
From the very beginning of the space age, the ability to undertake non-military activities in this new regime has been an element of foreign policy. The mirror image twins international cooperation and competition between nation states has driven many of the key decisions in the major programs undertaken by the United States, especially in the evolution of its human spaceflight initiatives. For much of the Cold War era, head-to-head competition with the Soviet Union defined the human program, especially the Apollo program to land astronauts on the Moon. In the aftermath of the Cold War foreign policy objectives still inform the delineation of policy, especially the cooperative nature of large programs such as the International Space Station. This essay explores the evolution of the place assigned international space cooperation and competition in the United States.
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