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| 1 |
ID:
090048
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
On top of that, Afghanistan will go to the polls in presidential elections in August 2009 (for the second time in the history of the Islamic Republic). In March 2009, too, Russia and Afghanistan marked a symbolic date, 90 years of diplomatic relations between the two states. Thus, there is every reason to talk about both the preliminary results of yet another attempt to democratize Afghanistan and Russia's place in present-day international policies in connection with Afghanistan.
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| 2 |
ID:
090049
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2009.
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Comparisons of the economic situations in the USA to the Great Depression are many not only in the USA but also abroad. There are published scenarios of a speedy and complete economic collapse, elimination of the dollar as national currency and international reserve currency; some even expect a partition of the USA into several parts near at hand, etc. Regrettably, many assessments of today's crisis tend to take a simplistic view of what is happening and use biting remarks and statements that often have nothing to do with real facts and shun serious sociopolitical analysis. Now then, what is really happening in the USA and which are the causes and effects of today's crisis
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| 3 |
ID:
090065
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2009.
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The Organization provides an effective format for active joint efforts in countering drug trafficking, illegal migration, organized crime, and other outstanding problems. Effective mechanisms have been created to coordinate national efforts - e.g., CSTO auxiliary bodies comprising the heads of relevant national agencies, coordination councils on countering drug trafficking, illegal migration and emergency situations, as well as working groups of experts as part of the Security Council Secretaries Committee on matters of IT and security policy, and the fight against terrorism and extremism.
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| 4 |
ID:
090041
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2009.
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The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) has, as of late, been rather a controversial topic. Some authors writing on the subject focus on the outstanding problems and disagreements in the CIS, making pessimistic forecasts, whereas others, quite the contrary, point to an emerging trend toward greater coordination and unification of efforts by the CIS member countries, especially amidst the ongoing global financial crisis. As a person who has to deal with CIS affairs directly and on a daily basis, I can say that the latter category of authors is significantly closer to the truth.
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| 5 |
ID:
090044
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2009.
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The growing lack of resources is one of the true and fundamental reasons for the worsening and latent local, regional and global crises in the new millennium. The presence or absence of natural resources have direct effects on people's living standards, the prospects of social and economic development of states, stability of the world economy and international security.
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| 6 |
ID:
090062
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2009.
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The adherence to Western values and transatlantic solidarity was part and parcel of the Federal Republic of Germany's foreign policy in the era of a bipolar world system regardless of any government and parties represented in it. These cornerstone foreign policy principles were directly affected by the outcome of WWII, the special status of the two German states and the restrictions imposed by the victor powers upon their foreign policy sovereignty. This once again confirmed the FRG's dependence on the USA (and the GDR's dependence on the USSR). At the inception of the Cold War, conflicts between the USA and the USSR had immediate impacts on Germany and all attempts by the two German states to find refuge in neutrality were doomed to failure. The bipolar military force system ruled out all chances of conducting independent national or regional policy.
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| 7 |
ID:
090060
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2009.
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Coverage of terrorism by the media poses two main threats. First, it is fraught with an "escalation of horror," which arises as a result of the "immunization effect." Constant coverage of terrorism brutalizes society by raising the threshold of violence it is willing to accept (makes it immune) and terrorists must engage in even more brutal acts in order to attract attention ("escalation of horror"). And the second is the "contagion effect." This is when the media itself promotes the spread of terrorism.
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| 8 |
ID:
090068
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2009.
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The past few years have been a period of the mature, proactive and effective organization and evolution of such a process as parliamentary diplomacy. Being as it is an independent institution, it is closely integrated with all components of "classic" diplomacy where an exclusive role belongs to structures of the executive branch of government, primarily the foreign ministry. This situation has evolved from an array of circumstances related to the internal process of the development of states, their foreign policy course, and the carving out of a niche in the world order of the 21st century.
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| 9 |
ID:
090046
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2009.
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Piracy has flourished in Somalia because of its 20-year-old power vacuum and the lack of a central government capable of controlling its entire territory. Somalia's population lives in poverty, its agricultural production and indus-tries are weak. People seize at any opportunity to earn a living, and this is exploited by the bandits that lord it over in a considerable strip of the country. About 3.5 million of Somalis (or approximately 40% of the entire population) subsist on food aid sent by the UN and some other international organizations. But the pirates are now intercepting ships headed for Somalia under the UN World Food Program.
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| 10 |
ID:
090032
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2008.
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The Caucasus crisis and the global financial and economic crisis have both contributed to drawing a line under the 20 year period since the downfall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union. They put an end to the policy that has been pursued by inertia all these years, in particular in the vein of the old political and psychological thrust to "contain" Russia. Some of our partners in the West, although far from all of them, acted in the spirit of the notorious triumphalism that claimed victory in the Cold War and anticipated a kind of Western-style "world revolution." It was precisely this inertia that prevented people from perceiving the Cold War as completely over: for many the Cold War continued at an ideological level as a virtual project of certain forces that proclaimed "the end of history" and "a one polar world" and tried to translate it all into a very specific and practical policy.
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| 11 |
ID:
090033
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2009.
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Resetting relations is now a much-used phrase in the context of U.S.Russia relations much discussed around the world and especially in Russia. Internet users know that rebooting brings you back to the old page, and it's not a fact that some new content, some new quality may result.
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| 12 |
ID:
090056
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2009.
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The dollar is likely to grow weaker and some other currencies may become stronger. Certain new financial constructions might spring up in one region or anogher. But I have absolutely no faith in the possibility of creating a new currency and financial system from scratch.
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| 13 |
ID:
090036
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Situations of crisis put relationships to a test as a rule. In 2008, we faced such a test: It became clear after the aggression committed last August by the Saakashvili regime against South Ossetia that the existing system of Euro-Atlantic security does not work, the institutes sustaining it are out of date and thus ineffective. This is true, above all, of NATO, which during that period was clearly using Cold War standards, maintaining the bloc's positions and almost becoming a moral advocate of the special status of its "privileged partner.
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| 14 |
ID:
090053
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Its nature is financial. Number one problem is that the oncoming global recession is driving everyone into an impasse. Russia is hit hard in particular on account of the declining demand for its long-standing export commodities, like oil, gas, metals, and much else. All of that is leaving the market. There is no more consumption on the former scale. This means that the super-profits that used to sustain us and made it possible to support the social sphere are disappearing. Let us have a look at it. The 2009 budget was drafted on the assumption that the oil price would be $95 per barrel, the then world price. Later the figure was somewhat trimmed and became $70 a barrel. But the current price of Urals, our brand, is $48 a barrel, and a further decline is possible, because there is no demand. Gas consumption is being reduced, and, accordingly, the price of gas slides down as well. This tends to "knock out," so to speak, the sectors that were of most importance for the national development, even from the point of view of finances: when the price is $48 a barrel, there is no more money to spare and economies have to be made.
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| 15 |
ID:
090038
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Russia's European security initiative, aimed mainly at consolidating military security, has received a mixed reaction in the West. Nevertheless, in the course of future talks, it should be taken into account that the EU countries and the U.S. (especially with the B. Obama administration) give a broad interpretation to the security concept, including not only "tough" but also "soft" security.
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| 16 |
ID:
090052
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The transfer of money and other liquid assets was backed by guarantees of variable-value capital assets where risks were determined privately by private commercial banks. This means that the international circulation of financial assets became virtually privatized and transactions involving them were brought into the civil circulation. It should be noted that the main flows of finance in the latter part of the 20th century were determined by government credits and investments. Thus, it's not only a revolution in financial techniques but also in the legal regime of these transactions.
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