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| 1 |
ID:
090084
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
A growing, but little understood area of Government involvement in promoting renewable energy, is the use of demonstration projects and field trials (DTs) as a policy tool. This paper explores the historical role of DTs in the commercialisation of wind turbines. We review information from government, academic and industry sources, together with the newly created Cass Wind DT database, and consider the context, objectives, participants and nature of wind DTs in the EU, US and Japan.
Overall, it is difficult to identify the benefits of wind DTs for many of the key actors. Government funding of DTs does not appear to be shaped by coherent or targeted strategic objectives-indeed governments use DTs differently despite similar stated objectives. A common theme has been the involvement of many stakeholders, with local authorities, utilities and operators taking the lead rather than manufacturers. Wind DTs appear to have neither enabled participating manufacturers to become significant global suppliers-with a few exceptions driven by additional financial and legislative support from national governments-nor to have established a dominant design. The major benefit of wind DTs appears to have been 'learning by using' for utilities and wind farm operators, reducing operational costs.
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| 2 |
ID:
097431
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2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Demonstration projects and trials (DTs) are an extension of the prototyping process into next phases of development and are widely used in reducing uncertainty for new technologies. During the last few decades, DTs have been extensively used to help overcome innovation uncertainties in renewable energy for electricity supply systems in the US, EU and Japan. However, there is still relatively little attention to this "uncertain middle" phase in accelerating complex, large-system innovation, particularly as to what companies actually value, as distinct from what advocates suggest they should gain and what policy makers believe publicly funded DTs should achieve. Following development of a comprehensive database of DTs, fifteen company cases have been developed on solar PV with nine on wind turbines to establish what benefits they deliver. These provide comprehensive lessons for the design, management and coordination of future DT programmes in low carbon energy technology.
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