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ID:
090175
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
While the militant threat continues to preoccupy security forces in India and Pakistan, organised crime remains an ongoing threat to state stability, particularly D Company, the major regional criminal organisation.
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| 2 |
ID:
132936
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In Qatar, processes of constructing citizenship have been strongly state-driven over the past four decades. This article reviews the primary in?uences on Qatari citizenship laws, including historical and contemporary social contexts that have impacted the development of relevant legislation. The article argues that the existing ?nancial privileges of Qatari citizenship as well as the presence of a dominant nonnational population have led to an ever more restrictive legal environment around access to citizenship.
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| 3 |
ID:
192359
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| Summary/Abstract |
In this paper, we construct a simple game-theoretic model to illustrate that improvement in the legal environment can improve the quality of final products by improving the quality of intermediate products, especially in industries with higher contract intensity. Using Chinese Customs Database and Industrial Enterprise Database from 2000 to 2006, we measure the export quality at the firm-product-country level and examine the effect of the legal environment on the export quality. Our empirical study shows that the improvement in the legal environment can raise export quality, especially at firms with higher contract intensity. Further studies show that the legal environment and contract intensity affect the import decision of firms and thus have a significant impact on product quality of export firms.
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| 4 |
ID:
182739
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper provides a framework for analyzing the interactions among legal environments, incomplete contracts and specialized investments. It is well known that providers of specialized investments may be taken advantage when the contract is incomplete, thus an improvement in legal environments may be able to better protect those specialized asset investors and provide them with stronger incentive for specialized investments hence promote the overall level of specialization of the economy and enhance labor productivity. (1) We use the data set from IEDB(Industrial Enterprises Data Bank) of China to capture this effect. It is found that legal environment improvement does enhance the labor productivity through encouragement of specialization. This effect is robust under different settings in assumptions of endogeneity, heterogeneity and measurements of productivity index. (2) Heterogeneity analysis shows that a bigger market scale does encourage deeper specialization, more specialized investments, and thus improving the labor productivity. (3) The above conclusion holds up not only at the micro (firm) level but also at the macro level of the economy. The labor productivity increase happens with the growth of an industry along with deeper specialization and better legal environments.
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