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ID:
088363
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article discusses the appropriateness of western bioethics in the African setting. It focuses on the decision-making process regarding participation in health research as a contested boundary in international bioethics discourse. An ethnomethodological approach is used to explain African ethics, and African ethic is applied to the decision-making process in the African community. An HIV/AIDS surveillance project is used as a case study to explore the concept of communitarianism. The article argues that what exists in Africa is communal or social autonomy as opposed to individual autonomy in the West. As a result, applying the western concept of autonomy to research involving human subjects in the African context without adequate consideration for the important role of the community is inappropriate. It concludes that lack of adequate consideration for community participation in health research involving human subjects in Africa will prevent proper management and lack truly informed consent.
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| 2 |
ID:
088361
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Using samples from local newspapers, letters and public speeches, this article argues that English assimilates to and reflects the Botswana culture through borrowing and semantic modification. It discusses those terminologies and expressions that depict the cultural values of Batswana in the usage of English in Botswana. Two types of borrowed items are discussed: those depicting old traditional practices that cannot be translated into English (kgosi and mophato) and those reflecting recent socio-political experiences in Botswana including the HIV/AIDS threat (tebelopele and omang). The people's culture is also expressed by items such as brigade and the lands that have been semantically modified
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| 3 |
ID:
088362
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article assesses the prospects of achieving the Millennium Development Goal of halving income poverty in Asia, and identifies policy priorities. The main findings are: (1) in East Asia, the actual growth rate exceeds that required to achieve this goal, while in South Asia, it falls short of the required rate; (2) the required rates of agricultural growth are, however, higher than the actual in both East Asia and South Asia; (3) moderate growth and reduction of income inequality will have a substantial poverty reduction impact; and, finally, (4) even modest improvements in institutional quality will reduce poverty substantially through higher incomes.
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| 4 |
ID:
088360
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Bangladesh has been fighting a losing battle over the last 34 years with no indication of even a minimal positive impact on women's participation in the Parliament. Women represent only two per cent of the parliamentary seats. In holding ministries, their positions never exceed three per cent. Nearly 80 per cent of the Parliamentary Standing Committees have no women. The government's affirmative measure has conceived a highly flawed vision that essentially promotes disrespect for the notion of `equality' and makes women MPs `ornamental and passive beneficiaries'. In addition, the sociocultural dynamics that legitimate women's inequality have posed a serious challenge to the constitutional approach to equality, exacerbating by political requirements that force women to further remain beyond the purview of power. Given the reality, a substantial reconstruction of the whole politico-legal approach is not only desirable but also essential to combat women's disadvantaged positions in the Parliament.
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