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| 1 |
ID:
084410
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
North Korea's behavior from the 1950s through today is part of a continuum shaped by geography and position. But it is not unique, and reflects the survival imperatives placed on Koguryo, a North Korean state stretching from the Hamgyong range past the Taedong River. While the specific tactics employed by succeeding North Korean states may differ over time, the strategic imperatives faced by each remain largely unchanged. North Korea today is undergoing another of those shifts in tactics, moving from the survival phase to the sustainability phase.
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| 2 |
ID:
084406
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
While North Korea had gradually reformed its troubled economy since the early 1990s, these measures were different from market-oriented reform. However, on July 1, 2002, North Korea introduced the most significant liberalization measures-at that time called the "July 1 measures"-since the start of communist rule in 1948. The purpose of this study is to grasp the current state of the North Korean economy caused by the "July 1 measures" in 2002 through interviews with North Korean refugees, whose numbers have recently increased dramatically. This paper is organized as follows: (1) research purpose and summary, (2) research results, and (3) research implications and limitations.
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| 3 |
ID:
084404
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper analyses the current economic situation in the North, focusing on its reform measures and the opening of North Korea. It is designed to evaluate how the North Korean economic system has been adjusting with its ongoing reform policies. Given the North Korean announcement to shut down its nuclear facilities and to improve its relations with the global community, it will be useful for one to consider economic prospects for change and its long-term feasibility
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| 4 |
ID:
084408
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
North Korea is undergoing a stealthy change in its culture, especially among its young and relatively wealthy citizens. Foreign products are in great demand; foreign clothing styles are seen on the streets; foreign (largely South Korean) songs and videos are extremely popular. More fundamentally, North Korea's communist-Kimist values are being replaced by the values of individualism and capitalism. Despite the regime's active resistance, this culture change, the second in North Korea's modern history, continues to spread and undermine the regime's foundations.
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| 5 |
ID:
084405
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
North Korea has successfully obtained a substantial amount of money through illegal or questionable methods, such as the counterfeiting of hard currency, illegal sales of military equipment or technology, sales of illegal drugs, and the shipment of illegal cargoes between third-party countries. This communist country has sheltered or actively abetted a handful of criminal networks in order to bypass the global power of the United States, the winner of the Cold War.
Despite the strong signals from a conservative U. S. administration, there are signs that tensions in the Korean Peninsula may be lessening. North Korea has invited nuclear experts from the United States, China, and Russia into the country to survey and recommend ways of disabling all of its atomic facilities. In return, Washington has agreed to open talks on normalizing diplomatic relations with the North and to explore removing a terrorism designation for Pyongyang, an essential step for North Korea to rely less on transnational illegal activities and more on legitimate economic activities that are integrated into the world economy.
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| 6 |
ID:
084412
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In analyzing North Korean song propaganda captured during the Korean War and Kim Il Sung's writings about music, this paper argues for consideration of music's significance as a component in the North Korean revolution. Music's respective connections to North Korean religion, education, and military discipline are examined. The paper contributes thereby to debates on the cultural Cold War in Korea, North Korean state formation, and the role of international influence on the Korean Peninsula.
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| 7 |
ID:
084407
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This commentary examines the concepts of Stalinism, post-Stalinism, and neo-capitalism in the journalistic writings of Professor Andrei Lankov. A leading authority in the field of North Korean history, Lankov also writes articles and columns for a number of major media outlets. As a journalist, he has proposed that North Korea in the twenty-first century is no longer a Stalinist state, but a post-Stalinist authoritarian system that is characterized by the development of a neo-capitalist revolution. The paper suggests that contrary to these propositions and in spite of the objective tendency towards capitalist restorationism, North Korea may still be regarded as Stalinist, not because of attempts at "re-Stalinization," as Lankov has described, but on political and programmatic grounds.
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| 8 |
ID:
084403
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
There are three key economic sanctions placed against North Korea that are still in effect: denial of MFN status, placement on a list of countries supporting international terrorism, and financial tightening following the Proliferation Security Initiative. North Korea's annual trade deficit is approximately one billion dollars. The latest series of economic sanctions made it very difficult for North Korea to continue to finance a trade deficit through illicit means. North Korea responded positively to the nuclear talks in 2007 partly because of the series of financial sanctions levied against it since 2003, and partly because of the changed approach of the North Korean leaders toward a greater calculation of benefits and costs since the collapse of the Soviet Union. This means that increasing benefits to North Korea in relation to costs should make the peace proposal more appealing to the North Korean leaders, and this is exactly what the U. S. negotiators seem to have been doing in the latest nuclear talks.
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