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ID: 090824

Do electoral quotas work after they are withdrawn? evidence fro / Bhavnani, Rikhil R

Bhavnani, Rikhil R	Journal Article
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2009.

Summary/Abstract

Do electoral quotas for women alter women's chances of winning elections after they are withdrawn? I answer this question by examining an unusual natural experiment in India in which randomly chosen seats in local legislatures are set aside for women for one election at a time. Using data from Mumbai, I find that the probability of a woman winning office conditional on the constituency being reserved for women in the previous election is approximately five times the probability of a woman winning office if the constituency had not been reserved for women. I also explore tentative evidence on the mechanisms by which reservations affect women's ability to win elections. The data suggest that reservations work in part by introducing into politics women who are able to win elections after reservations are withdrawn and by allowing parties to learn that women can win elections.

Key Words

India ; Elections ; Women ; Natural Experiment ; Electoral Quotas

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ID: 141819

Effects of weather-induced migration on sons of the soil riots in India / Bhavnani, Rikhil R; Lacina, Bethany

Bhavnani, Rikhil R	Article
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Summary/Abstract

Migration is thought to cause sons of the soil conflict, particularly if natives tend to be unemployed. Using data from India, the authors investigate the causal effect of domestic migration on riots by instrumenting for migration using weather shocks in migrants’ places of origin. They find a direct effect of migration on riots, but do not find that this effect is larger in places with more native unemployment. They argue and find evidence that migration is less likely to cause rioting where the host population is politically aligned with the central government. Politically privileged host populations can appease nativists and reduce migration through means that are less costly than rioting. Without these political resources, hosts resort to violence. Beyond furthering the sons of the soil literature, the authors detail a political mechanism linking natural disasters and, possibly, climate change and environmental degradation to riots, and demonstrate a widely applicable strategy for recovering the causal effect of migration on violence.

Key Words

India ; Domestic Migration ; Effects ; Weather-Induced Migration ; Soil Riots ; Soil Conflict

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