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| 1 |
ID:
090966
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Throughout the past decade, the Chinese government's general policy towards "globalization" has been one of active engagement. Opening the country to global capital is seen by Chinese national leaders as a way to further China's market reform and economic development. This official view towards "globalization" has been articulated in the national leaders' rhetoric and communicated through the national media. Given the context, this article examines urban Chinese residents' attitudes towards globalization and the effects of national media consumption on such attitudes. We argue that media effects are likely to exist because of the existence of the conditions of monopoly and canalization. Analysis of a representative survey conducted in four major cities largely supports our arguments. The findings show that Chinese citizens generally believe in the benefits to China of engaging with globalization. Positive views are more strongly held among more educated people, people with stronger nationalistic sentiments, and heavy consumers of the national media. The implications of these findings, as well as the similarities and differences between China and other Asian countries, are discussed.
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| 2 |
ID:
090972
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The 2008 Beijing Olympics and the emergence of China in recent years have attracted a rising interest and new research on various aspects of this country including, for example, architecture, urban planning and the history of cities.
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| 3 |
ID:
090969
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Although the rural credit cooperatives are the only formal credit providers to millions of households in rural China, empirical evidence suggests that they do not serve the interests of member households very effectively. This study examines how far the recent institutional reforms have addressed the problems of insider control and collective action in corporate governance and reduced local political influence on their operations.
It contributes to the currently scant literature on the reasons for the persistence in China of local political interference in loan allocations. This study's findings suggest the need for a re-evaluation of the conventional wisdom that the role of local states in China's development is a positive one.
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| 4 |
ID:
090964
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
It is widely accepted that local elections in Korea are dominated by national issues, such as punishing the president's party. However, the degree to which local issues matter in Korea's local elections has thus far not been subjected to empirical scrutiny. To fill this void and explain the failures of the president's party more fully, this paper tested two sets of hypotheses. First, it estimated the relative importance of national and local issues-the president's popularity and the governor's or mayor's popularity-in local elections. Second, it tested whether the failures of the president's party in local elections relate to voters' tendency to vote negatively. Although the results do not support the negative voting hypotheses, both national and local issues are shown to impact voters' choices. Furthermore, the extent to which a mayor's or governor's popularity influences voters' choices depends on the salience of national issues. In turn, the salience of national issues is affected by the timing of the local election. Combined, these results can shed some light on how the institutional context determines the fortunes of the president's party in low-turnout elections.
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| 5 |
ID:
090970
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Given the rise of major economic powers in the Asia-Pacific that rely on energy imports to sustain their economic growth, the Indian Ocean region has assumed a new importance. Various powers are once again vying for the control of the waves in this part of the world. This article examines the emerging Indian approach towards the Indian Ocean in the context of India's rise as a major regional and global actor. It argues that though India has historically viewed the Indian Ocean region as one in which it would like to establish its own predominance, its limited material capabilities have constrained its options. With the expansion, however, of India's economic and military capabilities, the country's ambitions vis-à-vis this region are soaring once again. India is also trying its best to respond to the challenge that growing Chinese capabilities in the Indian Ocean are posing to the region and beyond. Yet, preponderance in the Indian Ocean region, though much desired by the Indian strategic elites, remains an unrealistic aspiration for India given the significant stakes that other major powers have in the region.
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| 6 |
ID:
090968
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), founded in 1924, ruled Mongolia as a one-party communist state until 1990. Following the model of the Soviet Union, it imposed a dictatorial government which engaged in a purge leading to the deaths of about 25,000 people, undermined Buddhism, and collectivized the herds. On the other hand, it fostered industrialization and urbanization, introduced modern educational and medical systems, and provided a social safety net for the 183 population. Yet it kept Mongolia isolated from the rest of the world. The fall of communism transformed the MPRP. To hold power, it aligned itself with international financial organizations, which required acquiescence to a shock therapy of rapid privatization, liberalization of trade, elimination of price subsidies, a balanced budget and minimalist government, resulting in increased corruption, unemployment, and greater income inequality. Poverty soared, health and education suffered, and the social safety net was frayed. Market solutions, which both the international financial organizations and the MPRP championed, did not resolve these problems. To be sure, democracy and civil liberties have made great strides, and elections until the summer of 2008 were fair and free of violence. However, parlous economic conditions do not augur well for the future. The MPRP has deviated from its social message of economic democracy and equality of economic opportunity, and the 2008-2009 world-wide financial crisis has exacerbated its problems.
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