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| 1 |
ID:
149834
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| Summary/Abstract |
The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we assess the SIDS' pattern towards energy sustainability. Second, we try to understand the macro factors that drive policy–makers in setting the optimal framework for investments in renewable energy sources. The empirical analysis is performed on a large dataset of 136 countries and 41 variables observed in the time span 2000–2011. Countries analyzed include a sample of 12 SIDS (Bahrain, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji Islands, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Maldives, Mauritius, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago) distributed worldwide. Due to the large number of variables collected and their high degree of collinearity, the first step of the analysis concerns the implementation of a Principal Component Analysis in order to extract factors explaining the majority of variation of the original variables. In the second step, three different scenarios of modeling are designed to examine the key factors promoting RES investments. In a first scenario, we employ a pooled regression model, in the second a Fixed Effect model and, in the third, a Random Effect model is estimated. The main results of empirical analysis could be unexpected at first sight. They show, in fact, that SIDS are not on a energy sustainability path. As in the case of other developing countries, policy–makers prefer to use resources to improve economic aspects of development leaving behind issues related to the environmental protection, the use of RES and sustainability. In order to improve economic and environmental resilience of SIDS a synergy between local governments and international organizations to promote the investments in RES is needed. Moreover, an energy plan that clearly supports the generation of energy from RES is recommended. Finally policy–makers should strength their commitment in raising population's awareness toward a green energy generation. Such synergic interventions will allow SIDS to achieve a more sustainable development.
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| 2 |
ID:
185687
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| Summary/Abstract |
Climate emergency has changed the way of supplying energy, replacing fossil fuels in favour of a transition to renewable sources crucial for the system decarbonization. This change has led to a review of the electricity consumption and distribution model. Recently end-users connected to distribution grids have taken an increasing active role in the electrical power system. Such a situation highlights how the combination between distributed generation-active user, through the concept of energy self-consumption that turns in energy sharing for a ‘collective’ form, allowed by virtual self-consumption, seems to be a good solution to achieve both climate targets and solve technical issues related to renewables penetration. Aggregation of end-users which produce and self-consume their energy within the same geographical perimeter express a new way to use renewable energy represented by the energy communities. The paper identifies the key elements that effect a business model for energy sharing by residential end-users equipped with small-scale renewable generation plants. In addition the simulation analysis investigate the feasibility from the aggregator point of view as well as the individual end-users evaluating also a minimum size for a viable renewable energy community.
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| 3 |
ID:
125585
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Denmark is arguably the most energy secure and sustainable country in the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The country has reduced its dependence on foreign sources of energy to zero and become self-sufficient in its own energy production and use, offering important lessons for other nations around the world. This study explores the core of Denmark's successful approach: a commitment to energy efficiency, prolonged taxes on energy fuels, electricity, and carbon dioxide, and incentives for combined heat and power (CHP) and wind turbines. Through these commitments, the study shows how Denmark transitioned from being almost 100 percent dependent on imported fuels such as oil and coal for their power plants in 1970 to becoming a net exporter of fuels and electricity today. The country leads the world in terms of exportation of wind energy technology, with a hold on roughly one-third of the world market for wind turbines. It was able to phase out the use of virtually all oil-fired power plants in less than five years and implemented a progressive moratorium on future coal-fired power plants in the 1990s. Their most recent strategy seeks to achieve 30 percent of total energy supply from renewable energy by 2025.
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| 4 |
ID:
091576
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study investigates the resource consumption of Japanese society since 1979 and its subsequent effects on the economic output of the nation and the environment. In order to quantify resource appropriation and trends in production and consumption, the concept of emergy synthesis is employed. Our results show a significant increase in the total amount of emergy consumed by 66.9% between 1979 and 2003 which comes hand in hand with an increase in the level of environmental stress by 93.7% (quantified as the environmental loading ratio). On the other hand the emergy required to produce 1 USD of economic output has been gradually decreasing which denotes an increase in the efficiency of the conversion of natural capital into economic output. What is most interesting though is the growing dependence of the Japanese economy on imported emergy, increasingly from developing nations, that severely affects the potential for unhindered economic growth. This can prove to be a big barrier that could affect the resource security of the Japanese economy and render it susceptible to risks associated with access to natural resources which in turn can jeopardise its long-term economic sustainability.
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| 5 |
ID:
166434
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Malaysia's gas industry has been undergoing a profound transformation that is imperative in ensuring energy security. The rising demand especially in Peninsular Malaysia and regulating prices of natural gas saw PETRONAS selling natural gas at a relatively low price that affects the Government's revenue collection negatively. This article contextualised the changes in the law and policy that concerns the management of gas resources in Malaysia. The journey from a price regulated gas market towards a liberalised market is explained. This energy transition process requires more than changes in the law. It involves the synergy of dynamics from various aspects to ensure that the ecosystem is conducive for the development of a healthy natural gas sector to ensure secured energy supply, while catalysing the growth of new industries and generating new revenues for the nation. The challenges and pushbacks throughout this journey are highlighted. Discussions show how the problems were tackled strategically within the political, social and economic domains, as well as the interaction between them. These interactions demonstrate the importance of energy justice in policy making. Policy decisions are made to balance the competing goals of various key stakeholders.
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| 6 |
ID:
109405
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper employs a framework of dynamic energy analysis to model the growth potential of alternative electricity supply infrastructures as constrained by innate physical energy balance and dynamic response limits. Coal-fired generation meets the criteria of longevity (abundance of energy source) and scalability (ability to expand to the multi-terawatt level) which are critical for a sustainable energy supply chain, but carries a very heavy carbon footprint. Renewables and nuclear power, on the other hand, meet both the longevity and environmental friendliness criteria. However, due to their substantially different energy densities and load factors, they vary in terms of their ability to deliver net excess energy and attain the scale needed for meeting the huge global energy demand. The low power density of renewable energy extraction and the intermittency of renewable flows limit their ability to achieve high rates of indigenous infrastructure growth. A significant global nuclear power deployment, on the other hand, could engender serious risks related to proliferation, safety, and waste disposal. Unlike renewable sources of energy, nuclear power is an unforgiving technology because human lapses and errors can have ecological and social impacts that are catastrophic and irreversible. Thus, the transition to a low carbon economy is likely to prove much more challenging than early optimists have claimed.
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