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| 1 |
ID:
123930
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article considers the entanglements of race, culture and place in Puerto Rico. I analyse two distinct constructions of blackness that sustain racial hierarchies intrinsic to Puerto Rican 'racial democracy'. First, 'folkloric blackness' is a static, historicised version of blackness that represents Puerto Rico's African heritage without compromising the whitening bias of racial democracy discourse. A second construction of blackness that I term 'urban blackness' also circulates throughout the island, but instead serves as the counterpoint to the rest of the presumably 'whiter' Puerto Rico. Both have been emplaced within distinct, bounded locations, and affiliated with certain cultural practices. I argue that these 'emplacements' that arise from the associations between race, culture and place produce specific constructions of blackness that appear contradictory, yet ultimately work together to maintain the racial hierarchies intrinsic to racial democracy discourses.
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| 2 |
ID:
091675
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This essay examines the power-evasive reduction of "race," racial conflict, and racial subordination from the terrain of the social, material, and structural to the "private" realm of affect and emotions, in an effort to explain how neoliberalism operates in the everyday lives of U.S.-born Latino and Latin American migrant youth, particularly, young, working-class Puerto Rican and Brazilian women in Newark, New Jersey. A main argument of this project is that urban neoliberalism has been complicit in generating new racial configurations in the United States and that, in the case of populations of Latin American and Spanish-speaking Caribbean backgrounds, such articulations of difference have deployed a variation of "racial democracy" ideologies. This "cartography of racial democracy" gives credence to denunciations of racism or racial subordination as long as they are launched in the realm of intimate relationships and attraction-as aspects of "affect" or an "urban erotics"-that frequently overshadows and flattens the structures of urban neoliberalism that require that individual worth is measured in relation to how one "packages" oneself culturally to be profitable.
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