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| 1 |
ID:
091699
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
While some agent-based models have been developed for analyzing the German electricity market, there has been little research done on the emerging issue of intra-German congestion and its effects on the bidding behavior of generator agents. Yet, studies of other markets have shown that transmission grid constraints considerably affect strategic behavior in electricity markets. In this paper, the implications of transmission constraints on power markets are analyzed for the case of Germany. Market splitting is applied in the case of congestion in the grid. For this purpose, the agent-based modeling of electricity systems (AMES) market package developed by Sun and Tesfatsion is modified to fit the German context, including a detailed representation of the German high-voltage grid and its interconnections. Implications of transmission constraints on prices and social welfare are analyzed for scenarios that include strategic behavior of market participants and high wind power generation. It can be shown that strategic behavior and transmission constraints are inter-related and may pose severe problems in the future German electricity market.
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| 2 |
ID:
150860
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| Summary/Abstract |
The unplanned power flows at the interconnections of the Central Eastern Europe and Central Western Europe electricity markets are assessed. The assessment is accomplished using optimal power flow simulations of the linked transmission systems of Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria and Switzerland. The unplanned flows are modeled using a multivariate model that is a function of time series of wind- and solar-generated electricity, power demand and commercial power flows. It is shown that for the case of Poland there is a 25% higher loading on sections of transmission grid in Poland due to the unplanned flows. The unplanned power flows are largely a consequence of the wind-generated electricity in northern Germany that must be routed to southern Germany through the grid in Central Eastern Europe region due to an inadequate grid capacity along the north–south German corridor. It is shown without the planned 2020 developments of the grid, Poland's grid will be very susceptible to congestion and destabilization.
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| 3 |
ID:
126499
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The expansion of offshore wind energy as well as the increase in electricity trade between the North Sea countries leads to a growing need for additional transmission capacity. Due to the predominantly remote locations of offshore wind farms, the majority of future connections will be high-voltage direct current (HVDC) connections. In order to make the construction of offshore infrastructure more efficient, the North Sea states are currently discussing the development of a common offshore grid. Although this development still stands at the very beginning, we argue in this paper that some crucial elements should be standardized from the outset; the most important one being a common voltage level. Without such standardization, the development of a European offshore grid may be suboptimal, not cost-efficient and might even be prevented from coming into existence. We examine the technical and legal issues associated with introducing a common voltage level for the use of HVDC VSC technology, and discuss the optimal standard as well as the way in which this common standard can best be achieved.
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