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| 1 |
ID:
084229
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article examines the visualisation and narrative construction of the India-Pakistan border, and human interactions across that liminal space, as depicted in two films directed by J.P. Dutta, the high-profile, multiple award-winning war film Border (1997) and his subsequent feature Refugee (2000), which was more loosely described in its publicity literature as 'a human story'. 1 Through these films, Dutta established his reputation as the leading Indian director of the 'war film', a genre marked by its relative absence in the Indian cinema prior to the 1990s. Both Border and Refugee thus constitute part of what has retrospectively been described as Dutta's 'war trilogy' (along with the more recent LOC Kargil of 2003, which focuses on the 1999 Himalayan conflict). 2 In the first two films of the set, which I will consider here, the border in question is not the Line-of-Control (LOC) that divides Kashmir, but rather the southern portion of the long border with Pakistan that runs from the southern bank of the Sutlej River across the Thar Desert to the Arabian Sea. Refugee, moreover, is not a war film in the accepted sense, and I will make the argument that it is not so much the martial posturing which constructs the thematic inter-relation of the two films considered here but rather their attempts to naturalise the abstract barrier created by the Radcliffe Line in the west.
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| 2 |
ID:
084225
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The surviving documentation on Azimullah Khan is unreliable and fragmentary, but a survey suggests that his importance as a leader in the revolt of 1857 may have been exaggerated. His true distinction was as a consultant to the Nana Sahib. A unique personal letter from Azimullah, dating from the years that he spent in England and published here for the first time, reveals him at work behind the scenes on his master's behalf.
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| 3 |
ID:
084224
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| 4 |
ID:
084235
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The most likely route for Islamisation in Pakistan is not Islamist political parties, or military officers, but its Supreme Court enforcing the Islamic provisions of the country's Constitution. In 1999, at the culmination of two decades of increasing Islamisation, the Pakistani Supreme Court ruled the country's entire banking system, officially Islamic since 1985, to be insufficiently so. It ordered its complete restructuring. Now direct equity participation by banks was the sole permissible financing mode. This happened mainly due to the constitutionally-mandated roles for sharia and the ulema in the legal system. Yet upon final appeal, the Court reversed its ruling and remanded the issue to a lower court for further study, thereby granting the banking system a reprieve. How permanent is this reprieve likely to be?
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| 5 |
ID:
084233
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| 6 |
ID:
084227
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Bodoland, located in western Assam, has been a theatre for insurgencies since the mid 1980s. Too often, migration has been the paradigmatic framework to analyse not only this, but most conflicts, raging in Assam. In this article we argue that migration in itself is insufficient to understand the problems in Bodoland. Instead, we focus on forestry and tea estates, and contend that they, forming important restrictive structures, caused tribal entrapment, finally leading to violence. Moreover, we claim that during the conflict a shift in control over these structures occurred, changing the livelihood arithmetic of the involved communities. Finally, we discuss both the restraints and opportunities of the BTC/BTAD (Bodoland Territorial Council/Bodoland Territorial Administrative District)-the result of the peace process-and warn that the escape from entrapment for the Bodo could lead to the entrapment of other communities in the area.
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