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ID: 092155

Power without influence? the EU and trade disputes with Russia / Forsberg, Tuomas; Seppo, Antti

Forsberg, Tuomas	Journal Article
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Publication	2009.
Summary/Abstract	The EU has been variously described as a global power, a superpower, a civilian power, a trade power, a normative power, a realist power and an ethical power, but it remains unclear when and how the EU really can exercise its power effectively.

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European Union ; Russia ; Foreign Relations ; Trade Power

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ID: 170275

Struggle of a Kantian power in a Lockean world – German leadership in security and defence policy / Seppo, Antti; Joja, Iulia-Sabina

Seppo, Antti	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

German security and defence policy has undergone substantial transformation. This transformation requires an unprecedented level of political leadership, suggesting that Germany needs to solve the dilemma of how to supply leadership to increasingly demanding partners. What are the conditions under which German leadership can unfold in security and defence policy? To what degree do German role-conceptions of international agency and role-expectations of German leadership coincide? What kind of leadership outputs are produced? This study offers a comprehensive analysis of German security and defence policy in terms of supply (role conceptions) and demand (role expectations). We outline three leadership role conceptions present in the German strategic debate, which we then assess in the context of the Wendtian theory of cultures of anarchy. We then analyse Berlin's leadership in terms of outputs via the case study on Anchor Army and the Framework Nations Concept. We conclude that while Germany has tried to match leadership role expectations both rhetorically and in action, Berlin's leadership inputs have so far been insufficient. This has led to an imbalance in terms of role conceptions and expectations hampering effective German leadership in security and defence policy.

Key Words

Security ; Leadership ; Germany ; Strategic Culture ; Role Theory

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