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| 1 |
ID:
092603
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The paper focuses on presenting a proposed framework to effectively integrate the aggregated battery vehicles into the grid as distributed energy resources to act as controllable loads to levelize the demand on the system during off-peak conditions and as a generation/storage device during the day to provide capacity and energy services to the grid. The paper also presents practical approaches for two key implementation steps - computer/communication/control network and incentive program.
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| 2 |
ID:
150860
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| Summary/Abstract |
The unplanned power flows at the interconnections of the Central Eastern Europe and Central Western Europe electricity markets are assessed. The assessment is accomplished using optimal power flow simulations of the linked transmission systems of Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria and Switzerland. The unplanned flows are modeled using a multivariate model that is a function of time series of wind- and solar-generated electricity, power demand and commercial power flows. It is shown that for the case of Poland there is a 25% higher loading on sections of transmission grid in Poland due to the unplanned flows. The unplanned power flows are largely a consequence of the wind-generated electricity in northern Germany that must be routed to southern Germany through the grid in Central Eastern Europe region due to an inadequate grid capacity along the north–south German corridor. It is shown without the planned 2020 developments of the grid, Poland's grid will be very susceptible to congestion and destabilization.
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| 3 |
ID:
176787
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| Summary/Abstract |
Demand response (DR) is widely recognized as an alternative approach to achieving the supply-demand balance of power systems. The accurate quantification of DR flexibility potential is important for implementing DR, especially in countries where fewer DR related studies have been conducted and where the societal structures determining DR flexibility are different from the US and Europe. This study designs an interdisciplinary framework by integrating household characteristics based on population census, activity-based energy demand modeling, and a survey on the behavioral intention to participate in DR and shift energy use. This study quantifies the DR flexibility potential of washing machines and dryers used in 18.9 million households in the Kanto region in Japan with a peak electricity demand of 57 GW. These appliances are estimated to be capable of increasing electricity demand by 70–220 MW, depending on the time of day when DR is activated for 60 min. This potential decreases with the duration of DR. The estimated potential per household is much smaller in Japan than in Europe. The results highlight the importance of promoting DR to the majority of populations, particularly among the underserved populations, and addressing the behavioral and cultural barriers to promoting DR.
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