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| 1 |
ID:
103381
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The paper attempts to test the Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for 36 high-income countries for the period 1980-2005. The test is based on the suggestion of Narayan and Narayan (2010). Various panel data unit root and co-integration tests are applied. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and GDP series are integrated of order one and co-integrated, especially after controlling for cross-sectional dependence. Additionally, the Blundell-Bond system generalised methods of moments (GMM) is employed to conduct a panel causality test in a vector error-correction mechanism (VECM) setting. Unidirectional causality running from real per capita GDP to per capita CO2 emissions is uncovered in both the short-run and the long-run. The empirical analysis based on individual countries provides evidence of an EKC for Greece, Malta, Oman, Portugal and the United Kingdom. However, it can be observed that for the whole panel, a 1% increase in GDP generates an increase of 0.68% in CO2 emissions in the short-run and 0.22% in the long-run. The lower long-run income elasticity does not provide evidence of an EKC, but does indicate that, over time, CO2 emissions are stabilising in the rich countries.
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| 2 |
ID:
092740
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study examines the long-run relationship between carbon emissions and energy consumption, income and foreign trade in the case of China by employing time series data of 1975-2005. In particular the study aims at testing whether environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between CO2 emissions and per capita real GDP holds in the long run or not. Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology is employed for empirical analysis. A quadratic relationship between income and CO2 emission has been found for the sample period, supporting EKC relationship. The results of Granger causality tests indicate one way causality runs through economic growth to CO2 emissions. The results of this study also indicate that the carbon emissions are mainly determined by income and energy consumption in the long run. Trade has a positive but statistically insignificant impact on CO2 emissions.
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| 3 |
ID:
150678
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study investigates the position of the Japanese environmental Kuznets curve in period of natural disaster and deteriorating income following the recent Fukushima energy crisis. The study aim to establish whether the EKC exist in period of energy disaster and deteriorating income. To ensure this, data from 1961 to 2012 was used while the Zivot-Andrew structural break test, the ARDL bounds test were applied, and these were validated using the innovation accounting test. The finding of the study established the existence of inverted-U shape, suggesting the presence of EKC despite the deteriorating income of the country. With the discovery of the existence of EKC in this study despite the dwindling productivity and revenue in Japan, this study challenged the EKC hypothesis and all existing studies on EKC, by establishing that natural disasters are in themselves strong causative agents for the EKC to unfold and it is immaterial whether the economic fortunes of a country is increasing or decreasing. The study further discovered energy consumption to be the major contributor of environmental degradation in Japan, while exports declines CO2 emissions, but imports adds to environmental degradation. On the growth prospects of the Japanese economy after the crisis, the study discovered how energy consumption, exports, and imports contribute 33.55%, 1.027% and 7.126% to the country's economic growth respectively; in return a minimum of 16.24%, 23.89% and 44.18% of CO2 emissions was discovered. The study proposed policy instruments that will help in realizing a balanced environment amidst efficient energy consumption and environmental management among others.
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