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| 1 |
ID:
150472
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper focuses on demonstrating the feedback relationships between greenhouse gas emissions efficiency in the electricity sector and employment reallocation with a consideration of the effects of electricity restructuring and socio-demographic factors. We postulate the construction, information, manufacturing, utilities, and mining sectors as a group of emissions efficiency-related industries and identify the mutual relationships. The emissions efficiency positively influences the job shares of these industries except mining, whereas increased employment in these industries has a negative effect on the emissions efficiency. Electricity restructuring has a positive effect on overall employment, however, it does not have a statistically significant effect on the emissions efficiency. Additionally, population aging and educational attainment have positive effects on the emissions efficiency, and a higher proportion of rental households has a negative influence on it. Increases in renewable energy and nuclear energy generation have elastic effects on enhancing emissions efficiency.
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| 2 |
ID:
092825
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Recent measures to restructure the electric power sector in different US states have raised the interest of policy makers, commentators, and the general public as to the actual impact of restructuring on both the economy and the environment. This paper focuses on two aspects of restructuring, namely its potential impact on the efficiency of electricity generation and air pollution. Our empirical results suggest that restructuring contributes to improved efficiency of electricity generation and better air quality through reduced electricity-induced sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, although no effect was found for emissions of nitrous oxides (NOx). These results, in turn could have important implications for policy in this area.
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| 3 |
ID:
115113
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Since electricity market restructuring, questions over adequate levels of R&D investments persisted. Using an unbalanced panel data of 70 electricity-generating firms across 15 Organisations of Economic Co-operation and Development countries from 1990 to 2008, this paper empirically examines the impacts of entry liberalization (allowing third party access, establishing a wholesale market, and deregulating a retail market), vertical unbundling, privatization, and firm size on R&D investments. Entry liberalization is associated with a decline in R&D investment. Establishing a wholesale market exhibits the greatest negative effects on R&D investment. Regulated TPA and retail market deregulation also decrease R&D. The effect of privatization is not independently salient but interacts with a wholesale pool to lower R&D investments. Large firms spend more on R&D investment than small firms. Results indicate that the restructuring of the electricity industry reduces R&D investment, which may be detrimental to the reliability and the efficiency of the electricity system as well as to the creation and maintenance of the innovation capabilities necessary to address demand and environmental concerns.
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| 4 |
ID:
112924
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In January 2010 electricity retail residential rate caps expired in a large part of Pennsylvania, allowing consumers to shop for electricity in the retail market. In this paper we employ customer-level data from the relevant territory to analyze what residential customer and community characteristics impacted the decision of whether or not to switch to an alternative electricity provider, and when to make the switch.
Results show that customers with higher usage levels (especially around the time of the program's introduction), electric heating, and those living in more urban and more educated communities with lower unemployment rates and higher median household incomes were both more likely to switch, and more likely to do so faster. Lower switching rates and a slower switching response was observed from customers with more variable month to month usage (perhaps this made them unsure of future benefits from switching), those on alternative residential electricity rates (time-of-day and thermal storage programs), and those new to the relevant area (perhaps due to lack of information about the residential choice program).
Critics of retail electricity competition have suggested that it disadvantages poor and elderly ratepayers. Our results do not support this contention. Customers living in communities with higher poverty rates were actually more likely to switch (and do so faster) than middle-income consumers. Communities with higher shares of senior population were not found to have lower switching rates from younger communities.
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