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PANEL UNIT ROOT AND COINTEGRATION TESTS (1) answer(s).
 
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Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from a panel of OECD countries / Apergis, Nicholas; Payne, James E   Journal Article
Apergis, Nicholas Journal Article
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Publication 2010.
Summary/Abstract This study examines the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth for a panel of twenty OECD countries over the period 1985-2005 within a multivariate framework. Given the relatively short span of the time series data, a panel cointegration and error correction model is employed to infer the causal relationship. The heterogeneous panel cointegration test reveals a long-run equilibrium relationship between real GDP, renewable energy consumption, real gross fixed capital formation, and the labor force with the respective coefficients positive and statistically significant. The Granger-causality results indicate bidirectional causality between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in both the short- and long-run.
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