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| 1 |
ID:
114023
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Using the Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions, the relationships among stress, positivity, and depressive symptoms were examined in a sample of military spouses during deployment (N = 367). Over one-third of the spouses reported moderately severe levels of depressive symptoms. After controlling for demographic and deployment variables, stress had a positive association with depressive symptoms (ß = .59, p < .001), while positivity had a negative association (ß = -.39, p < .001). Positivity was also found to play a moderating role on the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms (ß = -.29, p < .001). Spouses with lower positivity reported more depressive symptoms at both low and high levels of stress compared to those with higher positivity. The final model, including both direct and moderating variables, accounted for 69 percent of the total variance in depressive symptoms. Practical implications are discussed in terms of the importance of developing positivity in military spouses.
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| 2 |
ID:
173118
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| Summary/Abstract |
Military spouses, most of whom are women, often contend with a number of factors that can influence their employment status. Previous studies have examined the role of service-member and spousal demographic characteristics on wives’ employment. However, little is known about the role spousal mental health has on employment while controlling for demographic characteristics. Using repeated-measures logistic regressions, this longitudinal study explored associations between spousal mental health and employment while controlling for service-member and spousal characteristics in a sample of 1,164 women. Fewer depressive symptoms were significantly associated with employment (p < .05). Spouses of enlisted personnel, women who were older, racial/ethnic minorities, homeowners, or had city stability, had higher odds of employment (p < .05). Military spouses of active duty service members and those less educated had lower odds of employment (p < .05). Depressive symptoms and demographic characteristics should guide employment opportunity programs for military spouses.
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| 3 |
ID:
161886
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| Summary/Abstract |
China's fast economic growth in the past decades is accompanied by a rapid epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). An important yet often neglected NCD is mental disorder, which accounts for 14% of global disease burden but has been paid relatively little research attention in China. This paper uses a nationally representative dataset to investigate the prevalence and correlates of depression and depressive symptoms among the adult population in China. Our results indicate that the prevalence rate of depression, estimated with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), is high (37.9% for depressive symptoms and 4.1% for depression) and unevenly distributed across regions and subpopulations. Specifically, women, older people and those who live in the central/western and rural areas are more likely to be depressed. We also find significant socioeconomic gradients in mental health: higher education and income levels are associated with lower likelihood of depression, especially among the lower socioeconomic groups. Our results indicate the urgent need for depression prevention and treatment in China (particularly in the economically less developed regions) through the expansion of primary mental health care resources and a reduction of socioeconomic inequalities.
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| 4 |
ID:
094142
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| Publication |
2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
A survey of military wives (N = 77) identifies their most stressful experiences, self-appraised control over these stressors, and coping strategies used. The authors examine two competing hypotheses: the goodness-of-fit hypothesis that the effects of problem-focused coping (PFC) and emotion-focused coping (EFC) strategies on distress are moderated by the appraised controllability of the stressor, and the main-effects hypothesis that PFC strategies are more effective than EFC strategies in reducing distress regardless of appraisal of controllability. Wives identified deployment of soldiers as their most stressful experience, and reported using PFC strategies more frequently than EFC strategies. EFC strategies were predictive of greater physical symptoms of illness, while PFC strategies were related to reduced physical symptoms of illness only when military wives' perceived control of the situation was low. PFC strategies and controllability were significantly related to decreased depressive symptoms; EFC was marginally related to increased depressive symptoms, lending greater support to the main-effects hypothesis.
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