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| 1 |
ID:
184015
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| Summary/Abstract |
TOPICS related to the Amazon Basin, which covers half of South America, figure prominently in international discussions about climate change, the depletion of natural resources, and environmental degradation due to anthropogenic impact.
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| 2 |
ID:
115042
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
An important issue today is the compatibility of agricultural frontiers, which are driven by economic objectives, with conservationist views. In the Amazon, family farmers are concerned with this issue since they are at the same time actors of the agricultural frontier and considered as potential actors of the preservation of the forest. Through the study of a highly symbolic settlement project in the State of Pará, this paper focuses on the role that family farmers can play in meeting sustainability goals. The central argument which is developed in this paper is that this objective may be achieved when projects do not presuppose social and spatial relationships; rather, it advocates an approach which is attentive to place-making processes.
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| 3 |
ID:
094273
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| 4 |
ID:
166963
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| Summary/Abstract |
Within the context of electricity supply in indigenous communities in Brazil, this work presents the experience of the Kalapalo ethnic group, living in the Aiha village (Xingu indigenous land), with photovoltaic energy in the scholar environment. Besides being the most adequate resource for a sustainable energy supply in the village, it is in tune with the social and cultural aspects of its people, being a desired alternative by the community. The natives themselves chose the Aiha Central Indigenous State School to house a pilot project, which brought clear improvements in working conditions, teaching and learning. The main purpose of the present work was to evaluate the contributions that the photovoltaic energy brought to the educational actions in the village. To that end, the indigenous teachers participated in the definition of the content to be measured, allowing the methodology used (and its appropriate statistical treatment) to prioritize the perceptions and expectations of the students and the community. The arrival of electricity had an overall positive impact, allowing indigenous people to associate scholar activities with fishing and agriculture, to conserve food and have audiovisual resources available for the classroom and the community.
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| 5 |
ID:
193311
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| Summary/Abstract |
Forests, and ways of relating to forests, are critical to the planet, yet largely neglected in IR. In this article, we engage with the debate on the Anthropocene and explore different forms of relationality to forests and Amazonian indigenous symbolism. Drawing mainly on political sociology, political ecology, and anthropology, we approach the Amazon basin as a site where nature, culture, resource extraction, and spirituality are enmeshed, and discuss material and symbolic meanings of the forest. The article starts by briefly reviewing discourses around the Anthropocene. It then looks at Amazonian countries with a specific focus on the classist foundations of socioecological exploitation that underpin anthropocentric attitudes and practices, and analyses the material way of perceiving the Amazon. It proceeds by addressing the diverse symbolism present in indigenous traditional knowledge; symbolism that may help in moving politics and society beyond the dominant attitudes that initiated the Anthropocene. Finally, the article offers possibilities for perceiving the forest differently and intertwining the Amazon's material and symbolic worlds.
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| 6 |
ID:
098584
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| Publication |
2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The universal provision of electricity remains far from achieved in the Brazilian Amazon, given the geographical obstacles, the dispersion of its inhabitants, the indistinctness of appropriate technologies, and the economic obstacles. Governmental action was taken in 2003 with the creation of the Light for All Program (PLpT), with the goal of bringing electricity to all rural consumers by 2010. In addition, the National Electric Power Agency, ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica), which is responsible in Brazil for the electrical sector regulation, has issued a determination of compulsory access to electricity by 2015. This study describes research conducted on the Madeira River, in the Brazilian Amazon, where the electric needs of the communities and small towns along the river can be satisfied through the gasification system, using as a renewable feedstock the wood-fuel biomass deposited on the riverbed, derived from natural processes, which the Ministry of Transport is already legally obligated to remove in order to provide safe navigation along the river. The study concludes by comparing the competitiveness of this system to diesel thermoelectric plants, along with its advantages in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Our results should help future studies in others areas with similar phenomena.
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