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ID:
093231
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The demands of counter-insurgency have sparked much discussion about the need for army reform. But it is also the case that government, as a whole, must adapt to the present campaign. Britain has lagged behind the US in this regard, and it is not clear that sufficient political will exists in the UK for real change. However, British capacity is only ever the first step: ultimately, what matters for successful stabilisation is the capability and legitimacy of the host government.
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| 2 |
ID:
093234
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Billions of dollars have been spent in training, mentoring and equipping a new Afghan army which is representative of Afghanistan's diverse ethnic groups and operates in the nation's interests. Yet, at the end of 2009, the Afghan Army is beset by a host of problems including widespread illiteracy, ethnic rivalries, drug use and poor combat effectiveness. Respected Afghan expert Antonio Giustozzi analyses what has gone wrong and suggests that a new model may be the only way forward.
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| 3 |
ID:
093248
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Italian Regia Aeronautica was, in 1940, one of most powerful air forces in the world. Yet even when compared to the mixed records of other wartime air forces, it failed to significantly further Italy's war aims. In technology, training, tactics and strategy, the Regia Aeronautica failed to match the progress of the Luftwaffe or RAF, through misjudged dispositions and diffuse objectives. This article charts the squandering of a potentially important Axis asset.
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| 4 |
ID:
093232
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
British campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan exposed a lack of institutional memory of the lessons of previous interventions. Twenty-first century security challenges have defied the traditional organisational boundaries within (and between) the military, civil service and government. Although there have been efforts to move towards the so-called comprehensive approach and create truly joint frameworks, the overhaul of government institutions has not been radical enough. A fresh, bold set of reforms is required to rework the institutions of state power to be effective in the present security environment
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| 5 |
ID:
093238
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2009.
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US nuclear weapons are still based on the soil of non-nuclear European allies. The doctrine of first use, as a last resort in the face of military aggression, also remains. However, change is in the air: nuclear weapons seem increasingly irrelevant in modern war, and the new US administration advocates a nuclear-free world. Hugh Beach argues that a new policy on forward-based nuclear weapons may be required, but that it will have to come from Europe and be able to match the credibility and solidarity afforded by current nuclear sharing.
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| 6 |
ID:
093236
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2009.
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Newly appointed SACEUR, Admiral James Stavridis, examines NATO's foundational values and objectives. Looking forward to the Alliance's future, he argues that developing a new strategic concept is vital to meeting the challenges ahead. In demonstrating its relevance in Afghanistan, NATO should be confident in its role as a principal contributor to complete and comprehensive international security.
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| 7 |
ID:
093241
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Britain's nuclear capability is once again a subject of intense debate. Some suggest that, in order to save money and make a political statement on global disarmament, Britain should reduce its deterrent capability. But as Tim Hare argues, these arguments are misleading. The fundamental driver of British nuclear forces must be credible deterrence. While politically appealing, the alternatives to Britain's current nuclear capability carry serious deficiencies, which undermine their very purpose.
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| 8 |
ID:
093247
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| Publication |
2009.
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The historian's interpretation of the causes of war has direct consequences for the way it is remembered and popularly understood. The approaching 150th anniversary of the American Civil War offers an appropriate opportunity to review the historiographical debate over its causes, and review again the role of morality in this definitive conflict. Brian Holden Reid explores the influence of the slavery question in the lead-up to war, and assesses myth-making in its commemoration.
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| 9 |
ID:
093246
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2009.
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The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe is a familiar story, and was widely revisited for the twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. But the commonly held Western narrative enshrines a number of exaggerations and myths. Communism did not fall because of Star Wars or firm rhetoric from Reagan and Thatcher. More important were the humiliation of defeat in Afghanistan and collapsing oil prices, which sealed the fate of communist Europe - and the people themselves.
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| 10 |
ID:
093245
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| Publication |
2009.
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The aim of Saudi Arabia's domestic counter-terrorist policy is two-fold: first, to eradicate Al-Qa'ida's capacity to threaten Saudi national security in the short term; and second, to prevent similar terrorist organisations from re-emerging in the long run. In a rare insider's account, HRH Prince Naef Bin Ahmed Al-Saud sets out the Kingdom's comprehensive response to terrorism and explains why Western countries have much to learn from its recent achievements.
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| 11 |
ID:
093244
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2009.
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Yemen is increasingly caricatured as a failed state. Such analysis obscures a more complex picture that includes prevailing dynamics of secessionism, resource poverty, demographic change and ethno-sectarianism. Alistair Harris and Michael Page argue that a narrow focus on Al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula is both analytically and practically unhelpful. Instead, addressing the broader security concerns in the region could help create a coherent sense of nationhood that will in turn challenge Al-Qa'ida's aspirations to increase its popularity and size in the country.
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| 12 |
ID:
093243
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| Publication |
2009.
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In this year's Trench Gascoigne Essay Prize winning essay, David Blagden assesses the fundamental assumptions underlying opposition to the retention of major war-fighting capability within the UK armed forces, arguing that the case has not been made for a solely counter-insurgency-based future. Despite the prospect of far-reaching budgetary cuts, Britain needs to retain a balanced range of capabilities in order to hedge against an array of possible future threats.
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| 13 |
ID:
093233
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Two serving officers provide a revealing insight into doctrinal engagement amongst front-line officers, which casts serious doubts on the government's claim that British personnel understand the mission in Afghanistan. Their study, conducted amongst British officers with at least two combat operations under their belt, finds an alarming disconnect between political objectives and military doctrine. Harvey and Wilkinson offer a range of recommendations for reform, and issue a clarion call for the reinvigoration of doctrine at the heart of army culture.
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