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| 1 |
ID:
094946
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2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
About ten years have passed since the deregulation of the U.S. retail electricity market, and it is now generally accepted that the available data is adequate to quantitatively assess and compare conditions before and after deregulation. This study, therefore, estimates the changes in price elasticity in the residential electricity market to examine the changes, if any, in household sensitivity (as a result of retail electricity market deregulation policies) to residential electricity rates. Specifically, six types of panel data are prepared, based on three cross-sections-all states (except for Alaska and Hawaii) and the District of Columbia, deregulated states, and non-deregulated states-and two time series-the period before deregulation and the period after deregulation. The panel empirical analysis techniques are used to determine whether or not the variables are stationary, and to estimate price elasticity. We find that there is no substantial difference in the price elasticity between deregulated and non-deregulated states for both periods-before deregulation and after deregulation. Thus, it can be said that the deregulation of the retail electricity market has not made consumers more sensitive to electricity rates and that retail deregulation policies are not the cause of price elasticity differences between deregulated and non-deregulated states.
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| 2 |
ID:
192724
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| Summary/Abstract |
Reliable electricity is a key factor in improving the living conditions of households and sustainable development of countries. Developing country governments and international organizations address the question of how to obtain a reliable supply of electricity and thus eliminate power outages at the top of their political agendas. In this framework, the aim of this paper is to estimate the willingness to pay of Indian urban consumers for having a continuous supply of electricity, avoiding unexpected power outages, using contingent valuation method. Two different econometric approaches are used. The households in the survey have been asked to state their willingness to pay for five different types of outages. Empirical data from 1043 Indian households has been analyzed using double hurdle approach. The econometric results indicate that, among the investigated households with an average individual annual income around $1630,00, their willingness to pay to avoid power outage strictly depend on the length of outages ranging, on average, from $0.37 (2 h) $3.00 (12 h), that is, households prefer to reduce the duration of outages. Further, income and environmental attitude of respondents positively influence higher WTP to avoid power outages. Our findings provide useful insights for policy makers to design and promote more reliable and customer centric energy generation and distribution models.
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| 3 |
ID:
176099
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| Summary/Abstract |
Saudi Arabia has regulated domestic energy prices for decades, setting them below international market levels. Energy subsidies in Saudi Arabia are generally implicit because they lead to foregone revenues for the government. Low energy prices also encourage rapid energy demand growth and wasteful consumption, while limiting incentives to invest in energy efficiency. Saudi Arabia recently started to reform energy prices, leading to large increases in gasoline and residential electricity prices in 2018. To measure the economic and environmental impacts of energy price reform, we econometrically model gasoline and residential electricity demand using Harvey's (1990) Structural Time Series Model. Our estimated equations reveal that gasoline demand and residential electricity demand in Saudi Arabia are strongly price and income inelastic, despite the major reforms that were recently implemented. Our welfare analysis also shows that the energy price reforms in 2018 in gasoline and residential electricity respectively delivered welfare gains of 8.8 and 3.8 billion SAR annually (2.3 and 1.0 billion US$). Additionally, our decomposition analysis reveals that these energy price reforms were the largest contributors to the observed decreases in gasoline and residential electricity consumption in 2018.
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| 4 |
ID:
166968
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study explores the effect of slum rehabilitation on appliance ownership and its implications on residential electricity demand. The low-income scenario makes it unique because the entire proposition is based on the importance of non-income drivers of appliance ownership that includes effects of changing the built environment (BE), household practices (HP) and appliances characteristics (AC). This study demonstrates quantitatively that non-income factors around energy practices influence appliance ownership, and therefore electricity consumption. The methodology consists of questionnaire design across the dimension of BE, HP and AC based on social practice theory, surveying of 1224 households and empirical analysis using covariance-based structural equation modelling. Results show that higher appliance ownership in the slum rehabilitation housing is due to change in household practice, built environment and affordability criteria of the appliances. Change in HP shifts necessary activities like cooking, washing and cleaning from outdoor to indoor spaces that positively and significantly influences higher appliance ownership. Poor BE conditions about indoor air quality, thermal comfort and hygiene; and product cost, discounts and ease of use of the appliances also triggers higher appliance ownership. The findings of this study can aid in designing better regulatory and energy efficiency policies for low-income settlements.
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| 5 |
ID:
175034
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Incentive-based demand response (DR) policy plays an important role in guiding residents' electricity consumption behavior. How to effectively implement the DR policy has become a scientific issue that needs to be addressed urgently. To this end, based on the data from large-scale DR trials and matching questionnaires, the policy implementation path has been analyzed. The results show that households responded to the DR policy saved 0.09 kW h more electricity in the 1.5-h response period than households that did not respond to the DR policy. On the management implementation side, the subsidy price is crucial. Community publicity can also enhance the electricity saving effect. It also has been found that the electricity-saving potential of the low-level community is relatively limited. On the households' response side, households with higher household incomes, younger income earners, more air conditioners and small appliances, and higher gas consumption have higher policy participation. The novelty and originality of this article is that the data collected through large-scale controlled trials are unique and valuable. And we creatively combined trial data and surveys data together, which will enable us to further explore the implementation-side management factors and response-side household attributes. At the end, we put forward systematic policy recommendations for the implementation of DR policy, which has important references significance for countries with similar regulated electricity markets.
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| 6 |
ID:
149840
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article provides fresh empirical evidence of residential electricity demand in Singapore over the period of 1980–2014, using the bounds testing procedure to cointegration. The residential electricity demand comprises of income, price, temperature, rainy days, old-age dependency and the impact of energy efficiency policies. Our results are consistent with previous studies, where income and price elasticities are inelastic. Hence, from a policy perspective, subsidies will not be effective in reducing electricity demand. We also found that old-age dependency is an important determinant that reduces electricity consumption at least in the short-run, suggesting that policies that target the younger population may bring more savings.
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| 7 |
ID:
178815
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China is undergoing an energy-market reform while the residential sector remains the most prudent for its close relationship with livelihood. Based on the Chinese household energy consumption survey, a demand function is established to estimate the determinants of residential electricity consumption. With a micro-model, the changes in welfare and redistribution under different scenarios are estimated. From the results, the current subsidy is ineffective; each high-income family receives the cross-subsidy of 35.65 CNY per month, which is 3 times of the low-income family. Price increment leads to less subsidy and deadweight loss but a loss in welfare, and the adjustment in the price on the 1st block is more conducive to the subsidy decline. With a similar overall effect, the non-uniform increase is more effective in subsidy redistribution by widening the price gradients between IBP (increasing block price) blocks and is recommended. Considering the burden of subsidy, the government and the power grid companies are suggested to clarify the pricing scheme to help the public get informed, and thereby, win the support of the public in the energy reform.
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| 8 |
ID:
171396
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| Summary/Abstract |
Winter peaks in Belgian electricity demand are significantly higher than the summer peaks, creating a greater potential for imbalances between demand and supply. This potential is exacerbated because of the risk of outages in its ageing nuclear power plants, which are being phased out in the medium term. This paper conducts a choice experiment to investigate the acceptability of a load control-based demand response program in the winter months. It surveys 186 respondents on their willingness to accept limits on the use of home appliances in return for a compensation. Results indicate that respondents are most affected by the days of the week that their appliance usage would be curtailed, and by the compensation they would receive. The willingness to enroll in a program increases with age, environmental consciousness, home ownership, and lower privacy concerns. The analysis predicts that 95% of the sample surveyed could enroll in a daily load control program for a compensation of €41 per household per year. Thus while an initial rollout among older and more pro-environment homeowners could be successful, a wider implementation would require an explanation of its environmental and financial benefits to the population, and a greater consideration of their data privacy concerns.
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| 9 |
ID:
124630
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Chinese households that make up approximately a quarter of world households are facing a residential power tariff reform in which a rising block tariff structure will be implemented, and this tariff mechanism is widely used around the world. The basic principle of the structure is to assign a higher price for higher income consumers with low price elasticity of power demand. To capture the non-linear effects of price and income on elasticities, we set up a translog demand model. The empirical findings indicate that the higher income consumers are less sensitive than those with lower income to price changes. We further put forward three proposals of Chinese residential electricity tariffs. Compared to a flat tariff, the reasonable block tariff structure generates more efficient allocation of cross-subsidies, better incentives for raising the efficiency of electricity usage and reducing emissions from power generation, which also supports the living standards of low income households.
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