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ID:
146493
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Since 2010, there has been obvious escalation of tensions in the South China Sea, coinciding with China's rise and the United States’ ‘pivot’ to Asia. Has China become more aggressive in its approach to the South China Sea? What strategic goal is China is pursuing in this area? Where does the South China Sea rank in China's overall foreign policy agenda? This article addresses these issues from the Chinese perspective. In the first part, the article discusses China's changing strategy and the leadership's thinking behind the changes. In the second part, it examines in detail several incidents involving China in the South China Sea, including confrontations with the Philippines over Scarborough Shoal and the Second Thomas Shoal and China's more recent land reclamation. The article argues that China's strategic goal in the South China Sea is a relatively modest one. The South China Sea disputes do not rank particularly highly among China's strategic priorities. To a great extent the handling of these issues is also subject to the dynamics of the overall relationship between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
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ID:
106044
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
During the course of China's continuing rise, Chinese scholars have developed different schools of thought on China and even greater interest in ancient Chinese philosophy and diplomacy. 1 Under this backdrop, research into China's tributary system has become a main academic focus.
Much controversy surrounds both the tributary system and the broader concept of a tributary relationship. The term 'tributary' itself is often misunderstood to mean unilateral behaviour towards China among states in China's periphery, or even to imply that the tributaries direct the relationship. 2 Some scholars are predisposed towards using concepts and terms other than that of 'tributary', for example, the 'Order of Rule by Rites', 3 the 'lord and vassal', 4 and 'grant and tribute' relationships; 5 and the 'Clan and Vassal Institution', the 'Suzerain - Vassal' and 'Clan and Vassal Systems', and the 'Huayi Order'. 6 Zhang Feng argues in observing the wide range of terms and concepts used in the literature that there is strong need for a systematic rethinking of the concept of the tribute system. 7
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ID:
094974
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2010.
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The international war that raged throughout continental Europe from 1618 to 1648 had a profound affected upon almost all European states. Although certain countries showed willingness as early as 1635 to start peace talks, and France, Sweden and the Holy Roman Empire reached a preliminary treaty in 1641, it was not until 1645 that talks were actually initiated. This raises the question, what are the factors that compel belligerents to move towards a peace settlement?
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