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FERNANDO, M R (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   095566


Famine in a land of plenty: plight of a rice-growing community in Java, 1883-84 / Fernando, M R   Journal Article
Fernando, M R Journal Article
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Publication 2010.
Summary/Abstract This paper is an effort to examine the dynamics of a major famine in the private domains of Indramayu and Kandanghaur in 1883-84, which was reportedly a result of drought, but a closer look at the evidence, including a unique survey of peasant families engulfed in the famine, reveals a rather complex situation. The local peasantry confined to a narrow subsistence economy found its food supply being seriously undermined by the landlords' efforts to extract more and more rice for sale at a time when Java was being closely drawn into the world market.
Key Words Famine  Java - 1883-84  Indramayu  Kandanghaur  World Market  Java - 1883–84 
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2
ID:   099066


Worst of both worlds: commercial rice production in West Indramayu, 1885-1935 / Fernando, M R   Journal Article
Fernando, M R Journal Article
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Publication 2010.
Summary/Abstract This paper deals with the consequences of the increasing commercialisation of the rice industry in west Indramayu from the mid-1880s to the late 1930s. Instead of prosperity as a result of growing rice for sale in a free market, local peasants found their survival being threatened by traders who had them bound to a vicious cycle of debts and who acquired much of the rice they produced. The rice growers in west Indramayu were impoverished far more than the peasants growing cash crops such as sugar elsewhere in Java.
Key Words Commerce  Java  West Indramayu  Commercialisation 
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