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KINSHIP (28) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   095584


Alienation and obligation: religion and social change in Samoa / Thornton, Alec; Kerslake, Maria T; Binns, Tony   Journal Article
Thornton, Alec Journal Article
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Publication 2010.
Summary/Abstract This paper will explore social change in contemporary Samoan society with respect to the traditional expectations of the church and kinship conflicting with the modern needs of an urbanising population. In the Samoan way of life - the fa'aSamoa - religion, matai (chiefly system) and reciprocal 'gift-giving' kinship arrangements among the aiga (extended family) are fundamental and closely related elements. However, pressures from continued integration into the global economy, the importance of remittance income and related migration of well-educated and highly skilled Samoans overseas are presenting several challenges to the strongly held traditions of kinship and church obligations. Among these challenges, low-income households are increasingly placing the material well-being of the immediate household first, thus 'opting out' of the culturally defined primary obligation to the church and risk alienation from beneficial familial ties. As a result, settlement patterns are shifting towards leaseholds in urbanising Apia, with consequences, we will speculate, that may have deeper cultural implications. Our research revealed that the church has been slow to accept that, increasingly, Samoans are seeking relief from hardships that spirituality alone cannot address. However, given its influence, strengths and resources, the church is well positioned to take a lead role in facilitating opportunities for 'bottom-up', alternative development in Samoa, as well as providing lessons for church-led participatory approaches in the Pacific Island Region.
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2
ID:   191708


Auntyness in a Beauty Parlour: Relaxation, Conversation, Labour and Care / Verma, Tarishi   Journal Article
Verma, Tarishi Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Interactive service work in various middle- and upper-class settings has created visible disparities between those who seek the work and those who provide it. In addition to beauty work, beauty parlours require emotional/affective work, widening the class gap between sellers and consumers by requiring further labour on the part of the worker. However, within the smaller beauty parlours existing in the by-lanes of larger Indian markets, there is the possibility of creating shared space through conversations and care through a mobilisation of ‘auntyness’. In this paper, I explore how the conversations in a New Delhi beauty parlour lead to the creation of aunties that challenges the limits of interactive service work and enables temporary communities of kinship and care that hinge upon the participants’ performances of the styles, affects and values associated with aunties.
Key Words Labour  Gender  Beauty  Care  Kinship  Aunty 
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3
ID:   172449


Beyond sectarianism: intermarriage and social difference in Lebanon / Deeb, Lara   Journal Article
Deeb, Lara Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Based on interviews with Lebanese in over 150 mixed-religion marriages and their extended family members, I argue that sect may conceal or stand in for other forms of difference, including ideas about status and hierarchy related to class and regional origin in Lebanon. Because it is the most readily available discourse for understanding social difference, parents often use sectarian rhetoric to describe their concerns about a variety of problems they see in their children's chosen partners. By listening between the lines of parental objections, I suggest that expressions of bias against people of other sects may mask concerns with other forms of social difference, in effect reducing a complex and shifting social field of multiple axes of difference into sect. Rather than assume sectarianism's a priori importance, this approach allows me to bring other discourses of difference and analytic lenses to the foreground.
Key Words Secularism  Lebanon  Sectarianism  Kinship  Intermarriage 
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4
ID:   188188


Dhandha, Accumulation and the Making of Valuable Livelihoods in Contemporary Mumbai / Aggarwal, Aditi; Bedi, Tarini   Journal Article
BEDI, TARINI Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract In this paper, our main objective is to pay attention to social and material accumulations in a form of self-employed work practised by non-elites in the Indian city of Mumbai, which they call dhandha. Using ethnographic examples of two working-class, urban dhandhas—taxi-driving and vending—we suggest that thinking with the concept of dhandha and other conceptions of value and relationality that people associate with this kind of work helps us rethink and open up more abstract and universal conceptualisations of accumulation. We examine not just how much accumulation occurs but also who the various actors are in making accumulation possible; what gets accumulated and how; and why even burdensome accumulations are considered valuable and are intentionally pursued and embraced. As ethnographers who conducted our work in several of Mumbai’s many languages, we pay attention to the specific words and concepts used by our interlocutors to describe their work and their economic relations and argue that dhandha in Mumbai is not just work, it is also a way of making valuable lives and navigating the world.
Key Words Mumbai  Labour  Pain  Informal Economy  Kinship  Accumulation 
Dhandha 
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5
ID:   171071


Diasporic kinship hegemonies and transnational continuities in the Hmong diaspora / Lee, Sangmi   Journal Article
Lee, Sangmi Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Full Article Figures & data References Citations Metrics Reprints & Permissions PDF ABSTRACT Although hegemony has been understood as the property of nation-states and the ruling classes, this paper explores cultural hegemonies among diasporic peoples by examining the pervasive compliance of Hmong living in Laos and the United States with the principles of their kinship system. Since these kinship rules are inculcated through parental education from an early age and are seen as essential for maintaining the cohesion of their dispersed diasporic community in the absence of a territorial ancestral homeland, they have become culturally engrained and taken-for-granted by Hmong through their voluntary consent and no longer have to be enforced by overt power and coercive means. However, like all hegemonies, the Hmong kinship system may also confront increasing challenges and contestation as it is enacted in the different nation-states where Hmong reside, and may eventually become an ideology that needs to be actively enforced and imposed by the direct use of power.
Key Words Ideology  Diaspora  Hegemony  Kinship  Hmong 
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6
ID:   159814


Does a stable identity ensure ontological security? talbukin in South Korea / Bregman, Sarah   Journal Article
Bregman, Sarah Journal Article
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7
ID:   140101


Domestic space and socio-spatial relationships in rural Pakistan / Mughal, Muhammad Aurang Zeb   Article
Mughal, Muhammad Aurang Zeb Article
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Summary/Abstract This article explores the changing use and management of domestic space and socio-spatial relationships constructed in a Pakistani rural setting. It offers a case study which highlights the central position of domestic space as a residential and social unit in rural Pakistan. It discusses how domestic space is appropriated in multiple ways into a social unit through social practice. Given that changes in the physical structure of any place lead to negotiation of social relationships, it is shown how recent modifications in design and structure of houses are indicative of, and to some extent facilitate, social change in rural Pakistan.
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8
ID:   178517


Fiction of fluid nuclear units: rearticulating relations through domestic work in Mumbai / Taguchi, Yoko   Journal Article
Taguchi, Yoko Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Fictions that account for nature-culture have always been crucial for the anthropology of kinship, but the significance of fiction has increased through the extension of new technologies and global transactions. This paper examines the dynamics of householding relations in Mumbai through the lens of fiction. A contemporary middle-class household in India is a rich field of study, as it is filled with the memories of family retailers, the responsibilities and expectations of family members as well as of domestic workers and their families, and the uncertain relations of everyday life. As recent literature on domestic work and servitude suggests, these complex relations also reflect historical inequalities. By focusing on paid domestic work, this paper not only examines external inequalities but inquires into the generation and potential transformation of households and of kinship itself. It then illustrates how domestic work with entangled social imaginaries creates a new image of family, one which does not simply reflect a shift from the feudal to the modern, or from joint family to nuclear family, but rearticulates relations by evoking various fictions.
Key Words Kinship  Social Imaginary  Domestic Work  Householding  Servitude 
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9
ID:   139992


Foreign bodies: transnational activism, the insurgency in the North Caucasus and “beyond” / Moore, Cerwyn   Article
Moore, Cerwyn Article
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Summary/Abstract This article examines foreign fighters and the insurgency in the North Caucasus. The first part of the article addresses conceptual issues concerning the ways that foreign fighters are analysed, posing this more widely in terms of transnational activism. Here I examine the importance of kin and relatedness. I develop this argument in the second part of the article, which examines pan-Islamism and transnational activism in the post-Soviet period. The third section draws attention to the different groups of foreign fighters, as part of a wider activist movement in the North Caucasus. Here I show that a complex group of transnational activists from the Greater Middle East, North Africa, parts of Europe, and Central Asia participated in the conflicts in the North Caucasus. Finally, the article turns to examine volunteers from the North Caucasus who travelled to fight in Syria, concluding with some considerations about the reintegration of returnees and former activists.
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10
ID:   162789


Gifts and Kinship: Women as Men’s Signs in ʿArus-e Ātash / Sadeghi Kahmini, Mostafa   Journal Article
Sadeghi Kahmini, Mostafa Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract This essay investigates the Iranian film ʿArus-e Ātash, directed by Khosrow Sināʾi in 1999, through the lens of gender studies. In doing so, it employs Claude Lévi-Strauss’ theory of kinship and elementary structures in order to create a context for the social structure of ʿashira as the prevailing unit of society among Khuzestāni Arabs of Iran. The significance of gift exchange as the predominant form of making alliances, as well as the position of women as the nucleus of these exchanges, is further discussed to shed light on the different socialization of male and female individuals in the ʿashira. Using Lévi-Strauss’ ideas in conjunction with the gender feminism of Kate Millett and Catharine A. MacKinnon, the study explores how women in primitive societies have the dual function of being the men’s property on an objective level as well as the means for alliance-making on a subjective one—a sign and a value at the same time. The essay concludes that men can also be considered as the victims of the patriarchal system since it creates a cultural image of men imbued with excessive masculinity that they may not be able live up to.
Key Words Gender  Gift Exchange  Iranian Cinema  Kinship  Female Identity  Ashira 
Arus-e Ātash 
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11
ID:   134393


Girl effect: liberalism, empowerment and the contradictions of development / Hickel, Jason   Article
Hickel, Jason Article
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Summary/Abstract The ‘girl effect’ – the idea that investment in the skills and labour of young women is the key to stimulating economic growth and reducing poverty in the global South – has recently become a key development strategy of the World Bank, the imf, usaid and dfid, in partnership with corporations such as Nike and Goldman Sachs. This paper examines the logic of this discourse and its stance towards kinship in the global South, situating it within the broader rise of ‘gender equality’ and ‘women’s empowerment’ as development objectives over the past two decades. Empowerment discourse, and the ‘capability’ approach on which it is based, has become popular because it taps into ideals of individual freedom that are central to the Western liberal tradition. But this project shifts attention away from more substantive drivers of poverty – structural adjustment, debt, tax evasion, labour exploitation, financial crisis, etc – as it casts blame for underdevelopment on local forms of personhood and kinship. As a result, women and girls are made to bear the responsibility for bootstrapping themselves out of poverty that is caused by external institutions – and often the very ones that purport to save them.
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12
ID:   178520


Identifying authorized users identifying kin: negotiating relational worlds through geographical indications registration / Bose, Chandan   Journal Article
Bose, Chandan Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The Geographical Indications of India Act requires a detailed description of ‘authorized users’ and ‘producers’ without concern for how these ‘producers’/ ‘authorized users’ are identified and what are the outcomes of such identification. Artisans identified as producers of GI registered ‘Cheriyal Painting’ of Telangana primarily belong to one genetically related family. Apart from members of the Danalakota household, GI also enumerates families of apprentices as ‘producers’. This article will highlight two things. First, it will demonstrate the way in which identification of ‘producers’/ ‘authorized users’ replicates not only the relational worlds within which producers exist but also the ‘obligations and moral imperatives’ embedded within those relations. Second, identifying oneself as a ‘producer’/ ‘authorized user’ requires distinguishing and individualizing one’s relatedness with the Danalakota family; promises of welfare by the state then become accessible only by becoming kin and distinguishing oneself as kin.
Key Words Geographical Indications  Telangana  Kinship  Craft 
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13
ID:   143548


In no-man's land: Citizens and kin in transnational commercial surrogacy in India / Majumdar, Anindita   Article
Majumdar, Anindita Article
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Summary/Abstract Every year, large numbers of aspiring parents from all over the world come to India to fulfil their dreams of parenthood. They hire an Indian surrogate and with the help of state-of-the-art medical technology, they are able to conceive children they can call their ‘own’. Since 2005, commercial gestational surrogacy in India has become a lucrative industry thanks to the cheap gestational labour, and cheaper medical services. However, this largely unregulated industry is facing roadblocks in international bureaucratic processes. The child born from the arrangement is often caught between conflicting international laws and deemed ‘stateless’. I wish to look at how the state and international laws tend to define persons and relationships by regulating entry and exit, especially through verification and authentication of kin. The world of transparent and visible boundaries – and their policing – is seen through the transnational processes of identifying the stateless children born through the arrangement.
Key Words Citizenship  India  Kinship  Surrogacy  Transnational Adoption 
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14
ID:   167246


India’s sex ratio patterning and gender geography: the curious position of Chhattisgarh / Chanchani, Devanshi   Journal Article
Chanchani, Devanshi Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract From an interpretation of gender relations in the Chhattisgarhi plains of central India, this paper contributes to theoretical debates on the regional geography of female autonomy and its economic or cultural underpinnings. It seeks to unpack the multi-layered dynamic of gender relations in Chhattisgarh that defy easy generalisation. Kinship systems for non-adivasi groups follow important ‘northern’ or exogamous principals, which are argued, by Dyson and Moore’s thesis, to be unfavourable to female power or autonomy. Counter-intuitively, gender relations are relatively egalitarian when judged by indicators such as sex ratio, and attitudes towards female sexuality or remarriage, while son-preference in the family composition finds a sharp expression. Whereas Chhattisgarh displays unique cultural characteristics, the dependence on women’s labour in the state’s rice-based agrarian economy may make women’s position less susceptible to subordination, and conceivably mitigate the predicted unfavourable-to-women effects of exogamous marriage.
Key Words Demography  India  Gender  Chhattisgarh  Kinship  Sex Ratio 
Female Autonomy 
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15
ID:   178513


Kinship as fiction: exploring the dynamism of intimate relationships in South Asia / Taguchi, Yoko; Majumdar, Anindita   Journal Article
Taguchi, Yoko Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract This special issue brings together emerging studies on kinship in South Asia and explores the idea of kinship as ‘fiction’ through ethnographic analysis of intimate relationships. Anthropology had long considered kinship as ‘natural’ or ‘biological’, thereby rendering other relations as ‘real’ or ‘fictive’. However, the recent ever-expanding scope of the ‘new kinship studies’, through the mapping of socio-technological changes, including the development of new reproductive technologies, the expansion of a diverse marriage system, and the global reconfiguration of care work, has brought a new dynamism to the discipline. Drawing both on traditional South Asian kinship studies and on more recent theories in anthropology, care work, medicine and science and technology studies, Kinship as Fiction offers insights on how ‘nature’ and ‘culture’ are related, translated, and regenerate each other by changing their meanings and forms. Fiction plays an important role in shaping reality, by making emerging worlds comprehensible, and helping us to imagine relations differently. This special issue investigates how particular ‘fictions’ are narrated and enacted within the constraints of reality, and how reality is, in turn, generated by fiction in the context of kin and other intimate relationships.
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16
ID:   191067


Leaving comrades to die: Shahadat, soldiering and accidental death on the Siachen Glacier / Khan, Sanaullah   Journal Article
Khan, Sanaullah Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The Siachen glacier, one of the longest non-polar glaciers in the world, turned into the world’s highest battlefield in 1984, when both the neighbouring countries, India and Pakistan, deployed their troops for control over the glacier. The nature of warfare since then has changed from active operations to one of low-intensity warfare. In this changing nature of warfare, the article explores how meanings of death are reconfigured in personal recollections and public representations, when the terrain continues to inflict injuries, high-altitude illnesses and death in the absence of any direct enemy confrontation. The article compares personal experiences of death with media representations. While personal experiences of soldiers and officers who have served on the glacier show their grievances about having left comrades to die after they fell into deadly crevasses, media representations reinsert the Indian soldier and depict death in the company of comrades and family to justify the expensive and extremely difficult war over the glacier.
Key Words Warfare  Siachen Glacier  Pakistan Army  Memory  Martyrdom  Death 
Kinship 
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17
ID:   165244


Love jihad in India’s moral imaginaries: religion, kinship, and citizenship in late liberalism / Strohl, David James   Journal Article
Strohl, David James Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract This paper examines moral panics about love jihad in contemporary India. Since 2009, right-wing Hindu activists have alleged that members of the Muslim community are conspiring to marry Hindu women, convert them to Islam, and have Muslim children. Love jihad, according to these activists, threatens to both make Hindus a minority and, consequently, undermine the Hindu religion. I argue that moral panics about love jihad not only serve to marginalize Muslims as ‘bad citizens,’ but also promotes the gendered moral obligations of the Hindu patriarchal family as civic duty. I consider the ways that the citizen family imagined by anti-love jihad activists complicates some contemporary theorizations of the individualized political subject promoted by neo-liberal governance.
Key Words Citizenship  Hindutva  Kinship  Love Jihad 
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18
ID:   111469


Marriage and land property: bilateral non-lineal kinship and communal authority of the Lahu on the southwest Yunnan frontier, China / Ma, Jianxiong   Journal Article
Ma, Jianxiong Journal Article
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Publication 2011.
Summary/Abstract This paper discusses how a social system based on bilateral and non-hierarchical kinship is able to establish and maintain systems of authority. The Muga Lahu in Yunnan practise a bilateral and non-lineal kinship system based on the gender equality principle, and communal life is also based on equal couples' kinship networking, bound to non-lineal ties through marriage. The Lahu here never practise matrilineal, patrilineal or cognatic kinship and descent in daily life, but an individual couple is bound to immediate ancestors through the redistribution of cropland property. In communal life, family separation and farmland reorganization are carried out dynamically through the marriages of the younger generation. The flexible kinship group establishes labour-sharing, ritual-participating and intermarriage groups in everyday life. Therefore, the kinship system is closely bound to farmland redistribution and the continuation of families. This bilateral, non-lineal kinship system constitutes a dynamic social institution, but all couples are equal to each other. Due to the lack of authority over the equality of social units such as equal couples, the Lahu communal authority historically comes from superior external powers, such as the religious power linked with religious movements involved in the Yunnan-Burma frontier formation since the 1720s. The established Lahu political system was destroyed by the coming of the Qing and the Republic states, because of its anti-Han or anti-state stance in frontier history. It is clear that the superior religious power over the kinship network worked as a means of social mobilization through religious movements, and became the authority source for social cohesion in history, but it has been replaced by state-appointed cadres in current communal life in China. The Lahu case shows that more attention should be paid to the relationships between frontier history, dynamic kinship and social organization among ethnic minorities in Chinese and South East Asian frontier societies.
Key Words Land Property  Kinship  Lahu  Yunnan and Ndash  Burma Frontier 
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19
ID:   134374


Migration and patrilineal descent: the role of women in Kyrgyzstan / Ismailbekova, Aksana   Article
Ismailbekova, Aksana Article
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Summary/Abstract Migration processes in Kyrgyzstan have given rise to fundamental social and demographic changes, meaning that many villages and town quarters are inhabited nowadays solely by women, children and the elderly, whereas younger and middle-aged men live as migrants elsewhere. This article explores the role of women in the maintenance of a strong patrilineal descent system, in the absence of their husbands or sons. This is achieved by grandmothers who play a significant role in transmitting oral genealogies and passing stories on to their children. Another role of women lies in changing the names of male relatives of their husbands; while appointing whom one should marry is also of great importance. The role of mothers-in-law in the formation of their sons' marriage ties in the latter's absence points to the powerful positions of these women. The final point is that young brides continue to live with their parents-in-law – even if their husband does not – and they must be respectful brides.
Key Words Migration  Kyrgyzstan  Women  Marriage  Patriarchy  Kinship 
Patrilineal Decent System 
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20
ID:   130730


Mobile telephony, mediation, and gender in rural India / Tenhunen, Sirpa   Journal Article
Tenhunen, Sirpa Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract This article aims to develop the understanding of new media and social change by examining how mobile phones mediate kinship and gender in rural India. I provide a nuanced picture of the contested nature of kinship and gender in the village based on long-term fieldwork in order to explore how mobile phones mediate relationships and ongoing processes of social change. The article illustrates how the physical qualities of phones help strengthen the multiplicity of discourses by mediating relationships and contributing to the multiplicity of speech contexts. Mobile phone use has been encouraged and motivated by kinship relationships and the use of mobile phones has, in turn, transformed these relationships by helping to create new contexts for speech and action. However, instead of the drastic improvements or changes, for instance in economic power relationships, the positive impacts of women's phone use appear subtle and ambiguous: most calls are about the slight redefinition of the home boundaries.
Key Words South Asia  Gender  Mobile Phones  Kinship  Rural India 
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