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CHAN, SAMUEL (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   152095


Militarizing civilians in Singapore: preparing for ‘Crisis’ within a calibrated nationalism / Chan, Samuel; Chong, Alan   Journal Article
Chong, Alan Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The Singaporean polity has created the ‘militarized civilian’. This policy phenomenon beckons the question: How is this cross-fertilization carried out in Singapore's civil–military relations? Militarization is in the first sense meant to inculcate a calibrated dual personality within the civilian whereby being an effective soldier requires indulging in simulated military suffering as a badge of pride; at the same time, the citizen soldier has to believe that military and civilian values are perfectly interchangeable and contribute equally to the maintenance of peace. In a second sense, militarization is equally about permanently ritualizing sacrifices for a communitarian defence. We argue that while mostly successful, militarization also produces the tension arising from the need to appear pugnaciously vigilant while avoiding the casualties that must logically arise from heightened simulated combat. This tension is explained through two dimensions of ongoing crises: the parameters of a politically dramatized National Service ritual; and the constant propaganda of geopolitical dangers threatening the Republic.
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2
ID:   096898


Pyrrhic victory in the tournament of shadows: Central Asia's quest for water security (1991-2009) / Chan, Samuel   Journal Article
Chan, Samuel Journal Article
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Publication 2010.
Summary/Abstract Central Asia's Soviet past continues to haunt the five successor sovereign states with water, a contentious issue. Although fundamental to survival and livelihood, regional cooperation over the precious resource remains a patchwork of short-term stop-loss agreements at best and an exercise in "frameworks without content" at worst. This article seeks to explain why this is so, based on a theoretical position derived from hydro-political discourse. The eclectic explanations include the hydro-hegemonic void created by the removal of Soviet authoritarianism; the securitization of the hydro-political complex in Central Asia; unilateral and bilateral substitutes for multilateral water resource cooperation; and the ineffectiveness of international law - all of which contribute to the impasse over water cooperation.
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