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ID:
144811
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| Summary/Abstract |
Africa’s interaction with China is beginning to be marked tellingly by Chinese architectural inscriptions on the African cityscape which need to be deconstructed. The furore in the African press and academia that greeted the building and handing over by China of the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa makes such an interrogation imperative. This study will attempt to offer some understanding of this nascent phenomenon using the Accra cityscape as an exemplary point of reference. In this regard this work seeks to locate the meaning of fortifications within contemporary global and local discourses on power, architecture, symbols, interests and international relations.
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| 2 |
ID:
117951
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article analyses the evolution of permanent fortifications in Europe between 1870 and 1914. Despite the introduction in the 1880s of high explosive shells, intensive construction continued until the eve of war. Fortifications figured prominently in armaments budgets and in offensive as well as defensive strategic planning, while their design changed radically. Nonetheless, the pattern of development worked against the Central Powers. Austria-Hungary concentrated against Italy at the expense of the Balkans and Galicia; Germany concentrated on Alsace-Lorraine, neglecting the east until 1912. Whereas France modernised its eastern fortresses, Belgium did little, enticing Germany into the envelopment strategy that would draw Britain into the First World War.
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| 3 |
ID:
096944
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2010.
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This article deals with the Israeli volunteering movement that preceded the outbreak of the 1956 war and centred on two public endeavours: the Defence Fund (Keren HaMagen) designed to help fund acquisition of weapons and the Fortification of the Frontier (Bitzur Hasfar), a framework that sent volunteers to work on fortifications and assist frontier settlements. These two endeavours were an expression of David Ben-Gurion's pioneering outlook that sought to blend voluntary components and the use of the central powers of the state, parallel to putting Israeli society on the necessary footing in the year that preceded the Sinai war.
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