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ID: 097495

European debate on rate systems in the interwar period / Madureira, Nuno Luis

Madureira, Nuno Luis	Journal Article
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Publication

2010.

Summary/Abstract

This article describes a particular branch that evolved in the diffusion of electrical rate systems in twentieth-century Europe and the debate that ensued between the competitive, promotional and cost based approaches. Three major questions are addressed: What factors and historical circumstances favoured the emergence of more or less efficient pricing schemes? Why did some enterprises opt for promotional rates while others defended the cost based alternative? What is the historical origin of marginal cost pricing? It is shown how the volatility of the costs that characterize hydro-electric production made this particular technology very sensitive to a cost approach towards pricing and to a seasonal and time-of-day perspective on rate systems.

Key Words

Utilities ; Rate Systems ; Price Discrimination

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ID: 116691

Iron industry energy transition / Madureira, Nuno Luis

Madureira, Nuno Luis	Journal Article
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Publication

2012.

Summary/Abstract

This article examines the energy transition in the iron industry and studies the consequence of this switch to coal-fueling technology upon forests: what happens to long-lived energy carriers when a new source of heat and power makes significant inroads into their own markets? What factors underpin the substitution of older raw materials by new ones? The major lesson to be drawn from the iron industry energy transition points to the fact that within the "transitional" time-frame one may expect either the effective substitution of the older energy carrier or incentives to its actual expansion.

Key Words

Forests ; Fuel Efficiency ; Iron Industry

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