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| 1 |
ID:
183050
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| Summary/Abstract |
Despite great efforts to increase energetic retrofitting rates in the residential building stock, greenhouse gas emissions are still too high to counteract climate change. One barrier is that policy measures are mostly national and do not address local differences. Even though there is plenty of research on instruments to overcome general barriers of energetic retrofitting, literature does not consider differences in local peculiarities. Thus, this paper aims to provide guidance for policy-makers by deriving evidence from over 19 million Energy Performance Certificates and socio-economic data from England, Scotland, and Wales. We find that building archetypes with their respective energetic retrofitting needs differ locally and that socio-economic factors show a strong correlation to the buildings’ energy efficiency, with the correlation varying depending on different degrees of this condition. For example, factors associated to employment mainly affect buildings with lower energy efficiency whereas the impact on more efficient buildings is limited. The findings of this paper allow for tailoring local policy instruments to fit the local peculiarities. We obtain a list of the most important socio-economic factors influencing the regional energy efficiency. Further, for two exemplary factors, we illustrate how local policy instruments should consider local retrofitting needs and socio-economic factors.
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| 2 |
ID:
098209
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| Publication |
2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
On May 2008, Kyoto city government set up a low-carbon target of a 50% GHG reduction by 2030 compared to the 1990 level. To contribute to these discussions, we developed a local (city-scale) low-carbon scenario creation method. An estimation model was developed to show a quantitative and consistent future snapshot. The model can explicitly treat the uncertainty of future socio-economic situations, which originate from the openness of local economy. The method was applied to Kyoto city, and countermeasures to achieve the low-carbon target were identified. Without countermeasures, emissions would increase 12% from 2000. Among the measures, the reduction potential of energy efficiency improvements to residential and commercial sectors was found to be relatively large (15% and 18% of total reductions, respectively). The reduction potential of the passenger transport sector, in which the city government's policy is especially important, was 17% of the total amount. A sensitivity analysis showed that a 10% increase in exports leads to an 8.5% increase in CO2 emissions, and a 20% increase in the share of the commuters from outside the city leads to a 3.5% decrease of CO2 emissions because of the smaller number of residents in the city.
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| 3 |
ID:
098538
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| Publication |
2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
On May 2008, Kyoto city government set up a low-carbon target of a 50% GHG reduction by 2030 compared to the 1990 level. To contribute to these discussions, we developed a local (city-scale) low-carbon scenario creation method. An estimation model was developed to show a quantitative and consistent future snapshot. The model can explicitly treat the uncertainty of future socio-economic situations, which originate from the openness of local economy. The method was applied to Kyoto city, and countermeasures to achieve the low-carbon target were identified. Without countermeasures, emissions would increase 12% from 2000. Among the measures, the reduction potential of energy efficiency improvements to residential and commercial sectors was found to be relatively large (15% and 18% of total reductions, respectively). The reduction potential of the passenger transport sector, in which the city government's policy is especially important, was 17% of the total amount. A sensitivity analysis showed that a 10% increase in exports leads to an 8.5% increase in CO2 emissions, and a 20% increase in the share of the commuters from outside the city leads to a 3.5% decrease of CO2 emissions because of the smaller number of residents in the city.
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