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| 1 |
ID:
166941
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper examines the impact of revenue decoupling policies on energy efficiency spending by electric utility companies in the US. I identify this impact by using the variation in the implementation of decoupling measures over time and across utility companies in the US. Using individual utility-level data between 2007 and 2011 from the US Energy Information Administration on energy efficiency spending and other utility characteristics I find that decoupled utilities spend, on average, about $16 per customer more on energy efficiency than utilities that have not been decoupled. Therefore, given the increasing importance of energy efficiency as an effective way to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and an ongoing increase in different regulatory environments of electric utilities, it appears that decoupling policies may be effective instruments to promote energy efficiency spending.
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| 2 |
ID:
105730
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
End-use electricity efficiency improvements offer an inexpensive way to reduce power shortages. The present study estimates the potential of demand-side management efficiency improvement targeted at (1) short-term efficiency improvement (agricultural pump rectification) that can provide immediate relief, and (2) long-term efficiency improvement (appliance standards such as AC and refrigerator, new agricultural pump purchase and pump replacement) for Gujarat state in India. The methodology includes the calculation of cost of conserved energy for each technology, which works out to be (-1.18) US$ cents/kW h for new agriculture pump sets, 1.03 US$ cents/kW h for refrigerators and 5.21 US$ cents/kW h for air conditioners. The price of power varies around 1.13 US$ cents to 12.1 cents/kW h in Gujarat. The annual energy savings from the selected energy-efficient technologies are approximately 8767 GW h over a period of 10 yr, while the estimated peak power savings are about 1814 MW, large enough to eliminate one-fourth of the state's electricity shortages. Also, the estimated CO2 emissions savings are about 7715 Giga grams (Gg) from implementation of the selected energy efficiency measures over a period of 10 yr.
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| 3 |
ID:
098572
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| Publication |
2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Although energy efficiency implementation is increasingly being recognized by policymakers worldwide as one of the most effective means to mitigating rising energy prices, tackling potential environmental risks, and enhancing energy security, mainstreaming its financing in developing country markets continues to be a challenge. Experience shows that converting cost-effective energy savings potential, particularly the demand-side improvement opportunities across sectors, into investments face many barriers and unforeseen transaction costs. This paper draws upon selected experiences with financing energy efficiency in developing countries to explore the key factors of various programmatic approaches and financing instruments that have been applied successfully for delivering energy efficiency solutions. Through case studies, a diverse range of institutional issues are examined related to the identification, packaging, designing, and monitoring approaches that have been used to catalyze traditional and innovative financing of energy efficiency projects. With adequate liquidity in major developing country markets and availability of modern energy savings technologies, it is often the institutional issues that become a key challenge to address in order to finance and implement robust programs. As further operational experience is gained, increased knowledge sharing can lead to scaling-up of such energy efficiency investments. The paper concludes with some ideas for accelerating implementation.
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| 4 |
ID:
185698
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| Summary/Abstract |
Various flexibility options in power systems, such as storage, grid expansion, and demand flexibility, gain increasing importance to balance the intermittent power supply of renewables. On the demand side, especially the industrial sector represents promising potential for Demand Response, i.e., the alignment of its power demand with the current power supply of renewables. However, there exist various obstacles that currently prevent companies from investing in new or (fully) exploiting existing flexibility potentials. In this paper, we investigate how economic, regulatory, technological, organizational, behavioral, informational, and competence obstacles pose barriers for companies to adjust their power consumption flexibly. For this purpose, we combine both a structured literature analysis and a case study. For the case study, we conduct 16 interviews with energy experts from companies from different industries. Our findings reveal that due to technical risk of disrupting the production process, lacking revenues, and too low cost savings, companies do not flexibilize their power consumption. Moreover, in particular, contradictory legislative incentives and missing IT standardization and interoperability represent key obstacles. Therefore, our results constitute a basis for targeted policy making in order to foster the exploitation of (existing) flexibility potential of industrial companies on the demand side.
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| 5 |
ID:
188556
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| Summary/Abstract |
India has set 2070 as the target year to achieve carbon neutrality, while carbon-intensive fossil fuels are still dominating its energy system. In the next five decades, economically optimized energy transition towards renewables is crucial for India to reduce CO2 emissions in an affordable manner. India has installed a large fleet of solar PV, and thus, maximizing their capacity factors plays an influential role in energy transition. This study examines how the state of Karnataka managed to enhance solar PV capacity factor by two-thirds with substantially reduced curtailment from 2017 to 2019. We built, calibrated, and validated a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model with detailed hourly data to quantify the impacts of two major policy changes, being shifting electricity consumption of irrigation from night-time to daytime (load shift) and dispatching electricity generation units by their merit order (economic dispatch). Our results indicate that these two measures could explain about 20% and 70% of the capacity factor increase, respectively, which is equivalent to reducing the cost of solar electricity by about 40%. India and other countries may further expand these policies for accelerating and optimizing energy transition.
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| 6 |
ID:
149976
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| Summary/Abstract |
Conventionally the required instantaneous balance generation-load is achieved by adjusting production to fit variable consumer demand. Nowadays, a significant and increasing segment of generation is renewable. But renewable production cannot be scheduled on request since its generation is dependent on nature (wind, sun, …). In this context, demand-side management (DSM) would help since it would be advisable for part of the flexibility to be provided by the demand.
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