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| 1 |
ID:
179704
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper contributes to the current debate on implementation gaps in local low-carbon energy transitions. We observe the need for a comprehensive analytical framework to assess the challenges associated with local energy transitions: we thus propose integrating key aspects of Transition Management (TM) and the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) into the Regional Innovations Systems (RIS) framework. The resulting blended framework enables policy learning through discourse and interaction between governance and implementation levels, a key prerequisite towards creating the necessary framework conditions for local innovation and transformation. The application of this novel blended framework to the case of two municipalities in Austria, one urban and one rural, shows local measures, building on local knowledge, having great potential to foster local low-carbon energy transitions: this is seen in strong social networks and in dedicated local transition change makers, creatively circumventing issues such as the lack of financial resources. Yet, existing regulatory and institutional conditions at the national and state levels often hinder the local implementation. We argue that the limited power of agency of regional policymaking are a major stumbling block to local energy transitions, thus increasing the need for vertical policy integration and learning.
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| 2 |
ID:
098641
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2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Biomass action plans in many European countries seek to expand biomass heat and fuel supply, mainly to be supplied by peripheral, agricultural regions. We develop a two-plus-ten-region energy-focused computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that acknowledges land competition in analysing the sub-state local-regional economic implications of such a strategy, embedded within a global context. Our model is based on a full cost analysis of selected biomass technologies covering a range of agricultural and forestry crops, as well as thermal insulation. The local-regional macroeconomic effects differ significantly across technologies and are governed by factors such as net labour intensity in crop production. The high land intensity of agricultural biomass products crowds out conventional agriculture, and thus lowers employment and drives up land prices and the consumer price index. The regional economic results show that net employment effects are positive for all forestry based biomass energy, and also show for which agriculture based biomass systems this is true, even when accounting for land competition. When regional consumer price development governs regional wages or when the agricultural sector is in strong enough competition to the international market, positive employment and welfare impacts vanish fully for agriculture based bio-energy.
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| 3 |
ID:
128445
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Climate policy under partial global compliance raises concerns regarding carbon leakage. While border carbon adjustment (BCA) measures are a potential remedy, they have also been criticised on various grounds. This paper therefore investigates whether a policy fostering the switch to carbon-free technologies can substitute for BCAs. A reason for the effectiveness of a targeted technology policy is that major leakage prone sectors (such as iron and steel), have two main sources of carbon emissions, combustion of fossil fuels and industrial processes. While combustion emissions can be reduced relatively easy by increasing energy efficiency, reducing process emissions requires a switch to low-carbon production processes, e.g. in steel production by deploying electrolysis based on large-scale solar electricity. We show by means of a multi-regional computable general equilibrium analysis that such a switch in steel production technology can eliminate a significant fraction of carbon leakage and also increase sectoral output and welfare. Since the necessary technologies are not available at large scale yet (however, are likely to be by 2020), a transitional BCA scheme may be a crucial supportive instrument to foster such technology switches. Yet, in the long run BCA should be phased out to preserve the incentive for carbon-free innovation.
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