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| 1 |
ID:
175929
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| Summary/Abstract |
As global investments continue in renewable energy technologies, investment costs have declined significantly. Meanwhile, many governments have shifted from pre-set renewable support schemes to auction schemes in order to introduce competition in price setting. Turkey has initiated Renewable Energy Resource Zone (RERZ) auctions to promote solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind technologies. We examine the first of these auctions, Solar PV RERZ, which has ambitious targets in terms of increasing solar PV capacity and enhancing domestic competence in solar technologies. Despite the auction being hailed as a success in terms of low prices, we utilize the Levelized Cost of Electricity generation (LCOE) analysis to demonstrate that the project is vulnerable to macroeconomic shocks and financial risks. Model results show that the capacity factor is the most prominent factor in costs, and 10% change in the capacity factor affects the LCOE about the same rate. Investment cost and interest rate are the other major factors affecting the LCOE. Based on these results, we make recommendations by discussing how Turkey can improve its auction design by incorporating some of the elements used by Brazil and South Africa.
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| 2 |
ID:
098688
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2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Nuclear energy, which was once considered as the fuel of future and was abandoned after Chernobyl accident, has emerged recently in developed and developing countries as an option to combat climate change, to secure supply and to achieve sustainable development. Turkey, a developing country where most of the electricity is produced from fossil fuels and which has energy security problems, has adopted a new legislation giving financial incentives for nuclear power plant construction, along with a tender in 2008. However, the tender ended in a stalemate after the Council of State's decision in November 2009. An evaluation of Turkey's nuclear policy in light of South Korea's nuclear experience gives us an explanation as to why Turkey failed in the last tender. Basically it was due to lack of a long term nuclear energy policy that comprehends social, economical, technical and political aspects of nuclear energy. Thus, it is argued that Turkey can benefit from nuclear energy if it formulates a comprehensive nuclear energy plan clearly interwoven with its economic development plans, establishes a proper legal framework and has domestic industry participation in nuclear technology development.
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| 3 |
ID:
150068
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Electricity sector has been transformed from state-owned monopolistic utilities to competitive markets with an aim to promote incentives for improving efficiency, reducing costs and increasing service quality to customers. One of the cardinal assumptions of the liberalized and competitive electricity markets is the rational actor, and decision-makers are assumed to make the best decisions that maximize their utility. However, a vast literature on behavioral economics has shown the weakness of economic theory in explaining and predicting individuals’ decision-making behavior. This issue is quite important for competition in electricity markets in which consumers’ preferences have a significant role. Despite its importance, this issue has almost been neglected in Turkey, which has taken major steps in electricity sector restructuring. Therefore, this paper aims to examine switching and demand response behavior in Turkish electricity market by using multiple correspondence and panel data analysis, and findings are discussed in light of the neoclassical and behavioral economics literature. Analyses’ results show that consumers’ switching and demand response behavior is consistent with the neoclassical literature to some extent; however, behavioral factors are also affecting consumers’ decisions. Furthermore, there are systemic problems that hinder effective functioning of the electricity market and restrict competition.
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| 4 |
ID:
186492
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| Summary/Abstract |
Developing economies are currently projected to hold a major share of the global energy demand in the upcoming decades, giving them a key role in addressing climate change. However, new renewable energy investments in these countries have so far been relatively slow. A specific set of challenges dominate the investment environment in developing countries, including higher exposure to macroeconomic and political risks, uncertainties due to climate change, limited domestic manufacturing capabilities, and heavy reliance on foreign debt in capital investments. These factors tend to disproportionately affect small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which currently hold a sizeable share of renewable and distributed energy technology investments. Not only does this impact the viability of energy transition, but also has important energy justice and local economic development implications – an overlooked subject in the literature. Using a rich, novel dataset and panel data methods, this paper estimates the effect of a set of key macroeconomic variables on the capital structure and investment outcomes of SMEs within the Turkish power sector. Our results indicate that unfavorable macroeconomic conditions, which lead to a significant growth in liabilities and increased risk of bankruptcy, can cause a slowdown in power sector SME investments despite the prevalence of subsidies.
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| 5 |
ID:
177440
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| Summary/Abstract |
As global investment in renewable energy technologies continue to trend upward, the effects of variable (intermittent) renewable energy technologies on power markets have created serious challenges for regulators and policymakers. The literature on the effects of these technologies on day-ahead markets has been well established; however, further research is required on intra-day and real-time (balancing) markets to understand how these technologies are changing electricity market dynamics. In this respect, this study aims to assess the effects of the variable renewable energy technologies (wind and run-of-river hydro) on Turkish balancing market prices using quantile regression. In addition, ordered logistic regression is used to evaluate how system imbalances are changing as a result of these technologies. Model results show that system marginal price declines as variable renewable energy generation increases. Moreover, there is a higher probability of positive imbalance as the positive difference between real-time and projected variable renewable energy generation increases. Overall, an increase in variable renewable energy generation implies lower prices, but higher positive imbalances for the system. Hence, we recommend that Turkey should revise its current market design to incorporate the geographical and temporal generation characteristics of these technologies.
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| 6 |
ID:
191372
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper aims to explore the underlying motivations that drive regulatory measures to address surging electricity prices. We discuss this question with a systematic review of the literature on price spikes in electricity markets and compare the recommended measures in the literature with political and regulatory actions taken during the 2021–22 European energy crisis. Our review shows a discrepancy between the arguments presented in the literature and the regulatory narrative in practice. Although theoretical arguments assume a general regulatory framework driven primarily by market efficiency, recent regulatory decisions show that political concerns can shape regulatory measures to a great extent, and the political economy of regulation should be incorporated into market analyses.
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| 7 |
ID:
192767
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper aims to explore the underlying motivations that drive regulatory measures to address surging electricity prices. We discuss this question with a systematic review of the literature on price spikes in electricity markets and compare the recommended measures in the literature with political and regulatory actions taken during the 2021–22 European energy crisis. Our review shows a discrepancy between the arguments presented in the literature and the regulatory narrative in practice. Although theoretical arguments assume a general regulatory framework driven primarily by market efficiency, recent regulatory decisions show that political concerns can shape regulatory measures to a great extent, and the political economy of regulation should be incorporated into market analyses.
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| 8 |
ID:
183601
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| Summary/Abstract |
There is growing empirical evidence of increasing price volatility and price spikes in electricity markets as a result of variable renewable energy generation, extreme weather events, and other factors. While price spikes are needed to cover the fixed costs of power plants, they may also signal market flaws and anti-competitive behavior. Regulatory authorities have imposed market price caps to protect consumers and prevent abusive supplier behavior. In addition, some regulators have imposed temporary price caps during or after severe events; however, these caps may be driven by political motives rather than economic logic in weak institutional settings. This paper evaluates the welfare effect of the temporary price cap implemented in 2017 on the Turkish electricity market. By using matching and panel data methods, we show that the temporary price cap reduced the total welfare but did not affect market clearing price and projected supply. Our detailed analysis shows that this decision was driven by non-economic motives, and identifies a number of fundamental problems in the Turkish market that limit the effective functioning of the market.
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| 9 |
ID:
176851
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| Summary/Abstract |
The share of variable renewable energy sources in power supply has increased significantly in many countries; however, this increase has also created problems in electricity markets. While the average day-ahead market price has declined in several markets (the merit-order effect), the remuneration mechanisms in some countries have to be revised due to the surge in financial costs. Yet, further research is needed to understand the implications of the merit-order effect for remuneration mechanisms thoroughly. Accordingly, this study aims to contribute to the literature through employing a quantile regression model to analyze the merit-order effect and discuss its implications for the remuneration mechanism in Turkish electricity market. Model results show significant negative merit-order effect for both wind and run-of-river hydro technologies; however, this effect varies with respect to demand, price level and technology. Moreover, the contribution of these technologies to the total welfare in the Turkish electricity market does not favor fixed-price payments. In conclusion, it is recommended that the remuneration mechanism is revised to include the temporal value of variable renewable energy sources and electricity market design should reflect the locational value of variable renewable energy sources in Turkey.
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