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UNIPOLAR MOMENT (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   099063


Exporting democracy”? neoconservatism and the limits of military intervention, 1989-2008 / Ryan, Maria   Journal Article
Ryan, Maria Journal Article
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Publication 2010.
Summary/Abstract This article challenges the almost universal consensus that post-Cold War neoconservative foreign policy has been characterised by the objective of "exporting democracy" abroad for strategic or moral reasons or both. Instead, the article contends that the touchstone of neoconservatism was the attempt to preserve America's so-called "unipolar moment"-its apparent position as the single pole of power in every region of the world. Moving beyond the abstract and grandiose rhetoric employed by many neocons, the article points out that neocons made a distinction between the respective uses of military and non-military power, arguing that the former should be reserved only for situations where strategic interests were at stake rather than for the sake of ideals. The article goes on to argue that this focus on strategic interests facilitated a close alliance with other conservative nationalists who were also dedicated to maintaining America's position as the single pole of world power. Thus neoconservatism should be analysed and evaluated-by both conservatives and liberal interventionists alike-on the basis that it was a strategy dedicated primarily to preserving American unipolarity, not to the promotion of ideals.
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2
ID:   169566


Flexible Coalitions: Origins and Prospects : Permanent alliances vs ad h oc Coalitions / Bogdanov, Konstantin V   Journal Article
Konstantin V. Bogdanov Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The beginning of the 21st century was marked by the growing popularity of the idea that flexible military-political coalitions built for concrete tactical tasks had certain advantages over long-term strategic alliances. This strategy was actively pursued on the international stage by the George W. Bush administration during its first term (largely owing to Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld’s efforts) due to mounting contradictions caused by the transformation of the world order and the changing place and role of the United States in it. The U.S. gave up the concept of collective approval for external interference and stepped up unilateral actions. As existing collective security institutions become increasingly plagued with problems, flexible coalition strategies gain more popularity as evidenced not only by U.S. actions but also by those of Russia
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