| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
099159
|
|
|
|
|
| Publication |
2010.
|
| Summary/Abstract |
Using data from 1986-2005, the present paper estimates the impact of direct knowledge spilled over from G-7 countries on China's economy. We use telephone line penetration rates and personnel flows to estimate the direct spillover effect. Our results show that direct knowledge spillovers through telecommunication networks and personnel flows are important components of international R&D spillovers in China. These direct channels of spillover effectively accelerate China's economic growth. Therefore, China should invest more in human capital and in its telecommunication network to enhance the absorptive capacity of direct R&D spillovers, and to increase communication with other nations, in particular the USA and Japan. More subsidies to domestic R&D research and purchase of intermediate goods will help to raise China's R&D intensity.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
ID:
132478
|
|
|
|
|
| Publication |
2014.
|
| Summary/Abstract |
Nothing remains, neither the state nor wealth nor valour without the security provided by the armed forces. -- S H Ukraniti
Cyber space and the possibility of Cyber war, as it emerged in the late 1980s got mixed up with Information War (IW)/ Electronic War (EW). This led to numerous definitions of lW/EW/cyber war, and most definitions, instead of clarifying the issue, only created further confusion. For the purpose of this paper, the latest definition of cyber space, promulgated in the USA in 2010 being the most comprehensive, has been adopted. It defines cyber space as, "A global domain within the information environment consisting of the inter-dependent network of information technology infrastructure and resident data, including the Internet, tele-communication networks, computer systems and embedded processors and controllers." This indicates that there is a physical domain of hardware, and an information domain of software. How we deal with the information or data resident in this domain to deceive the enemy/cyber criminal becomes part of the third domain-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|