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ID:
161773
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| Summary/Abstract |
Fiscal spending has both direct and indirect impact on the environment. Using city-level data in China, this paper investigates if education spending affects air pollution through human capital accumulation, known as the composition effect, and if R&D spending affects air pollution through clean-technology adoption, known as the technique effect. Contrasting theoretical predictions and previous empirical evidence, we find both effects of interest to be trivial in urban China. Composition effect appears to be slightly stronger relative to technique effect, while sub-sample analyses show some regional heterogeneities. The results remain robust when we switch between pollution measurements, examine only the regional central cities, instrument endogenous covariates, and adopt the spatial settings. We further discuss potential channel-blocking mechanisms that lead to weak estimates.
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| 2 |
ID:
143443
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| Summary/Abstract |
Intergovernmental transfers are an important source of local public goods and services provision in many developing countries. Yet the empirical evidence on their effectiveness remains inconclusive partly because transfers are endogenous to political influence. This paper investigates the impact of a mix of intergovernmental transfers from a large-scale poverty relief program on local education spending in China between 1994 and 2000. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, I first show no systematic evidence that counties benefiting from the program enhanced local education spending during the period of program implementation. I further show that the program has neither short-term nor long-term impacts on illiteracy reduction for the targeted counties.
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| 3 |
ID:
099784
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| Summary/Abstract |
The election of the Conservative-Liberal coalition in May 2010 provides the opportunity to start to map out the record of the Labour governments between 1997 and 2010. This paper deals with the specific question how the Brown/Blair governments performed on public expenditures when compared to the records of UK Labour governments since 1945. Did the public expenditure record of the 1997 represent a departure from that of previous Labour governments? This is important to ascertain since there are strongly held beliefs that New Labour was not committed to Labour's historic commitments of income redistribution and universal benefits. The analysis that follows is constructed around five major public expenditure programmes that reflect Labour's priorities. These include total expenditure, expenditure on health, education, housing and social security.
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