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ID:
160582
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| 2 |
ID:
100153
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| Publication |
2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Periodic contestations over gas transit from Russia westwards to Europe, as in January 2009, have demonstrated the fractured nature of relations among states that each on their own plays a vital role in the maintenance of the European energy sector. More importantly, the January crisis has reinforced the concept that energy security goes beyond existing conceptions of access to upstream supply balanced by consumer demand. Up to now, the track record along the European energy value chain has prioritised short-term macro-solutions over longer term, step by step confidence building micro approaches. What becomes of energy trade in Europe may depend upon a fundamental re-thinking of energy based both on the understanding of the good as a purely economic commodity and on our institutional ability to coordinate the energy trade as a collective across a vast landscape of divergent economic and political interests. Subsequently, this article seeks to identify the sources of inaccurate structural interpretations of the policy environment, the unintended consequences derived from sub-optimal policy choices and to present workable solutions to existing risks to the stability of EU/Russia energy trade.
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| 3 |
ID:
142916
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| Summary/Abstract |
Energy trade has developed into one of the most contentious and divisive issues between Russia and the EU in the post-Cold War era. It reflects a broader geoeconomic struggle in which economic means are used to advocate geopolitical goals. This article argues that the case of the South Stream Pipeline Project (SSPP)--a grand project abruptly cancelled by Russian President Vladimir Putin in December 2014--epitomizes these power politics. In 2014, Russian leadership advanced both geopolitical and geoeconomic strategies towards the ELI: pursuing the former by conducting a military campaign in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine; and pursuing the latter by pushing the construction of SSPP in spite of the EU's legal and political objections. Due to Russian military aggression in Ukraine, however, the EU was able to harden its line on SSPP. Russian geoeconomic activity has long been successful as a centrifugal, dividing power within the EU. The geopolitical campaign in Ukraine, in stark contrast, has been a centripetal force, resulting in increased EU unity that contributed to the SSPP's demise. This is evidence that claims of geoeconomics as a continuation of war by other means are potentially misleading. The means of geopolitical power projection and geoeconomic power projection thus have notably different effects in today's contemporary, interconnected world.
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ID:
143730
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| Summary/Abstract |
LATELY, experts are discussing with increased interest whether the globalization of hydrocarbon trade, competition between Europe and the Asia-Pacific, and the Western political and economic sanctions against Russia affect the latter's competitiveness in international natural gas business.
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