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TONG, JAMES W (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   114803


Banding after the ban: the underground Falungong in China, 1999-2011 / Tong, James W   Journal Article
Tong, James W Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract A decade after the Falungong was outlawed in China, public forms of its organized activities have virtually disappeared and its overt acts of defiance have precipitously declined from 2000 to 2011. However, some determined practitioners continue to engage in stubborn protest activities in public, while others meet covertly in small groups or in larger conferences to share experiences of cultivation. Falungong practitioners have also adhered to their Grand Master's call to 'clarify the truth' about their beliefs as well as persecution by the regime. For both the Fa conferences and the Clarify the Truth campaign, they are connected to each other and to their global community through the vast Falungong telecommunications network outside China, and a proliferating system of domestic, cellular material centers.
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2
ID:   100579


New religious policy in China: catching up with systemic reforms / Tong, James W   Journal Article
Tong, James W Journal Article
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Publication 2010.
Summary/Abstract China's new religious policy expands the institutional autonomy of religious organizations, limits the power of religious affairs bureaus, and provides for administrative appeal, judicial challenge, and sanctioning errant officials. As such, it is an effort of the Chinese government to integrate religious policy with its systemic socioeconomic and political reforms.
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