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ID:
167315
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| Summary/Abstract |
Since the formation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Science and Technology (S&T) has been the focus area for Chinese economic development. However, little was known about China’s scientific mission, working and policies till the end of 1978. Based on the studies and the developments made, one can say that China’s S&T policy has evolved through four phases. The first phase (1949–1959) supported the development of heavy industries along the Soviet lines; the second phase (1959–1976) witnessed economic stagnation and ideological domination of technology projects; the third phase (1976–2001) focused on market-driven and product-driven research and now in her fourth phase of S&T development, since 2002, China has aimed to develop high technology industries and the nascent clean-energy or green technology with a focus on innovation.
These policy changes entirely reformed the way China’s industrial enterprises are being managed today as compared to earlier years. However, some thinkers do not consider these reforms as sweeping or successful. In order to better appreciate the implications of the S&T policy in China’s industrial transition, the article analyses the role and effects of the policy that has assisted in enhancing the country’s S&T strength and improving the competitiveness, while supporting its economic and social development.
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| 2 |
ID:
101074
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| Publication |
2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
International circumstances, Iran's special context and its legal system have often been blamed for the relative lack of attention on the part of Iranian scientists towards Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). In spite of these odds, however, the Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council (INIC) launched a programme to overcome existing shortcomings and encourage nanotechnology researchers to protect their inventions in the country and particularly, overseas. The efficiency and effectiveness of this programme are analysed in this paper. In a country without a national IP policy, successful implementation of this programme could pave the way for extending the same mechanism to other technological fields, although it is unlikely that the deficiencies of Iran's national innovation system could be completely resolved by such sectoral policies.
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| 3 |
ID:
108125
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In recent years China and India have achieved tremendous technological progress and development in the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry. Using case studies, this paper analyses and compares the technology progress in the solar PV industry in China and India, and discusses the role national innovation systems played in sustaining technology acquisition, adaptation and development. It illustrates that both countries adopted a strategy of mixing and sequencing different technology transfer and indigenous innovation mechanisms. The experience of both countries also suggests that a functional national environmental innovation system is important in sustaining and advancing technology acquisition, adaptation and development. This paper provides an alternative pathway for developing countries to follow in catching up with developed countries in the emergent green industries and in leapfrogging towards an internationally competitive green economy.
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