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| 1 |
ID:
101155
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2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The effect of cigarette smoking on self-reported or assessed health (SAH) has been considered in several studies, with some surprising results, but smoking behavior has received less attention in studies in countries like China, than in the United States and various European countries. In this manuscript the variation in an ordinal endogenous SAH variable is modeled with an ordinal endogenous cigarette smoking variable, using the copula approach to accommodate skewness in the error distribution. The treatment approach avoids several selection issues that could bias empirical estimates. The empirical model is estimated for a random sample of adult males from nine Chinese provinces in the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey. The results for our sample suggest that heavy smokers are more likely to report excellent health. Government and those in health policy might target heavy smokers with the message that quitting does result in benefits, keeping in mind that their own reported assessment of their health is itself a function of several factors.
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| 2 |
ID:
188974
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This paper examines various views, ideas, opinions, understandings, and interpretations among Indonesian societies, including Islamic scholars and Muslim social organizations toward tobacco products and smoking practices. It also traces the history and contemporary developments of smoking practice in Indonesia. Historically, as the article shows, smoking for Indonesian societies is not simply inhaling tobacco but also a medium of social interaction and ritual practices. Moreover, this study investigates whether religious pronouncements and fatwas (Islamic edicts) on smoking, issued by some noted Islamic institutions in the country, influence smoking practices and behaviors among Indonesian Muslims. Given the vitality of religion and smoking among Indonesians, it becomes interesting to study the relationship between the two.
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| 3 |
ID:
111192
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper seeks to understand the political economy implications of nicotine addiction in Iran, focusing on the US Office of Foreign Asset Control's granting of Iran operations licenses to American tobacco companies. Presuming that tobacco taxes, levied both as import duties and ad valorem, would financially benefit the Iranian government, the introduction of a highly desired US product to the market would be antithetical to the sanctions regime currently in place. By comparing Iran's tobacco industry, and the attendant public health crisis that has arisen from high rates of nicotine addiction, to conditions in Turkey, it can be demonstrated that Iran is uniquely unable to extract revenues from the sale of tobacco products. The primary point of comparison between Iran and Turkey is smoking-attributable annual productivity losses of each country, as estimated through the use of Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity and Economic Costs Software (SAMMEC) and the available related literature. According to the calculations derived from the SAMMEC model, Iran is burdened with an astonishing economic cost due to the high prevalence of smokers. It is concluded that an awareness of this condition enables OFAC to award licenses to Big Tobacco without fear of undermining current foreign policy initiatives.
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