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| 1 |
ID:
112234
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Global warming is likely to profoundly influence future weather patterns, and one consequence of this is the likelihood of an increase in tropical cyclone intensity. The present paper presents a cost-benefit analysis of introducing significant amounts of green energy in the electricity system in Japan in the light of the economic damage that an increase in tropical cyclone intensity could have on GDP growth between 2010 and 2085. Essentially the passage of a tropical cyclone will result not only in physical damage but also on a decrease in economic productivity due to precautionary cessation of the economic activity, which has an effect on GDP growth. By comparing the economic performance of different electricity system scenarios with the indirect economic damage of tropical cyclones from 2010 to 2085, based on the yearly economic data of green electricity, fossil fuel, GDP and population, it can be seen that the green scenarios are generally a cost-effective way of mitigating the effects of these weather systems, despite the large amount of initial investments necessary.
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| 2 |
ID:
153391
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Immediately after Xi Jinping assumed the position of party secretary general, he launched a large-scale top-down antiwaste campaign amongst the Chinese cadre corps. Compared with similar policies announced by Xi’s predecessors, this campaign has distinct features that entail substantial political risk for the party secretary general. Why did Xi choose this politically risky strategy? Drawing on recent literature on authoritarian regimes, this article argues that, amongst all possible objectives, an authoritarian leader such as Xi can use this type of policy campaign to demonstrate his power. In particular, the inherent importance of informal politics, the recent developments in Chinese politics, and Xi’s personal background have increased his incentive and capacity to signal power by implementing such a campaign. A comparison with Xi’s two predecessors, interviews, and statistical analyses support this argument. The theoretical framework of this article also sheds light on the literature on the power sharing of authoritarian political elites.
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| 3 |
ID:
190622
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Because the transportation sector relies heavily on fossil energy, especially petroleum, this sector has become one of the most challenging regarding a reduction of carbon emissions. However, because of the variability of regional development, the emission reduction pathways in the transportation sector vary from region to region. This study develops two sets of methods that consider only the energy factor and multiple other factors including energy (energy +), to evaluate and analyse the carbon reduction performance of China's provincial transportation sector, identify the provincial patterns of reducing carbon emissions and propose targeted pathways. The results show that there are obvious differences in energy-based and energy + -based carbon efficiency values across provinces, indicating that energy is an important element of carbon emission reduction in China's transportation sector, but factors such as the economic development level and structure and level of transportation infrastructure also have an important impact on carbon emission reduction. Both the “energy+“-based carbon efficiency and shadow price in the developed eastern provinces are higher than that of the central, western and north-eastern provinces. Considering the regional carbon shadow price and carbon efficiency, we found four different carbon peaking patterns for China's provincial transportation sector.
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| 4 |
ID:
114287
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Renewable energy systems are often criticized because of their intermittency and need for substantial amount of backup in terms of other energy sources or storage. The present paper proposes a method to estimate the required amount of storage backup for a mostly solar and wind system that uses also biomass and hydroenergy as minor components of the electricity mix. An hourly simulation was carried out to determine the amount of electricity that could be produced based on the meteorological conditions of year 2001 in Japan, and this was compared with the maximum electricity demands imposed in the system for each month of the year. The system thus proposed has 100% chance of meeting around 40% of the electricity demand between 11:00 and 18:00, and the optimum scenario obtained (a 2:1 mix of solar to wind energy) required around 40 TW of storage to balance the extra electricity demand that occurs during the summer in Japan. It appears unlikely that the batteries in EV in vehicles will be able to meet this storage requirement in the future, though the system is able to adequately meet the electricity demand during the majority of the year, and hence showcases the viability of renewable energy.
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| 5 |
ID:
124767
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In this article, we propose a causal relationship between a region's communist revolutionary legacy before 1949 and the variation in private sector development after 1949. In the case of Zhejiang, the pre-1949 revolutionary experience led to the power struggle between two elite groups, the guerrilla cadre group and the southbound cadre group, in the province after 1949. As the weak side, guerrilla cadres were willing to protect local economic interests in exchange for local popular support, which improved their odds of political survival. As a result, in contrast with counties where the guerrilla forces were historically weak, counties with strong guerrilla forces before 1949 saw significantly more robust private sector development throughout much of the Mao and post-Mao periods. In this article we provide preliminary historical and statistical evidence to support this hypothesis.
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| 6 |
ID:
186479
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The COVID-19 and the resulting financial crisis have led researchers to focus on the impact of the exogenous shock on the economy and the effectiveness of energy policy for a low-carbon transition. However, measuring this impact sophistically is notoriously fraught with difficulties. In this research, we build a combined agent-based economy–energy model to capture the change in the effectiveness of energy policy in response to an economic crisis. Simulation results show that the government can achieve its low-carbon transition development target using the regulation in the energy market, such as the emissions trading scheme policy. However, this regulation in the energy market will negatively affect the economy, and this adverse effect becomes more severe with either higher energy consumption or a lower energy capacity. Nevertheless, introducing the policy with appropriate timing, typically in the recovery phase of an economic crisis, can effectively reduce the negative impact of government regulation. Finally, some policy implications are proposed for different situations of countries and to reduce the negative effects of energy regulation policy.
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| 7 |
ID:
191143
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper explores whether the government's control of refined oil prices can slow down this impact and play a “shock absorber” function. Adopting the SVAR model and divides the sample into two sub-samples according to the level of price regulation, it is found that the degree of price regulation of refined oil is very high before May 2009. At this time, the price regulation seriously hinders economic growth when the oil price falls. After May 2009, the degree of refined oil price control has been greatly reduced, and price control promotes the increase in industrial investment and GDP to a certain extent when oil prices rise and fall, and plays the function of “shock absorber”. In the post epidemic era, in the face of the current geopolitical conflict, it is necessary to continue to implement refined oil price control measures in line with China's situation in the short term, and gradually release oil price control in the long run to form a market price reflecting the relationship between supply and demand. In addition, it is necessary to improve and develop China's crude oil futures market as soon as possible and establish a modern oil circulation system.
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| 8 |
ID:
103451
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
For the case of the UK there are currently three ways of obtaining energy from sea areas, namely from wind, tides and waves. A methodology was developed to determine the future size of the offshore renewable industry based on the concept of employment factor, or the number of people required to maintain each unit of electricity production. An assessment was made of the decline in the number of people employed in oil related jobs in the North Sea and the gap that this could create in the UK's economy unless this pool of offshore expertise could find an alternative employment in the renewable sector. The paper will also investigate the effect of gradually transforming the UK's oil and gas sector into offshore renewables. If this was to happen by 2050 the UK offshore renewable industry could produce between 127 and 146 TWh of electricity, equivalent to around 57-66% of the current energy consumption in the country.
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| 9 |
ID:
154454
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| Summary/Abstract |
Using a large, unique county-level panel dataset for China from 1998 to 2006, this paper investigates the relationship between local governments' fiscal pressure and their preference for developing polluting industries. The results show that there exist fiscal pressure effects; namely, a positive link between the fiscal pressure faced by a county and its industrial tax dependence on polluting industries. We also investigate the heterogeneity of the fiscal pressure effects and find that fiscal pressure effects are significant only when local fiscal pressure is sufficiently high up to a certain point, and when there are more earmarked transfers. In contrast to the situation in east China, fiscal pressure effects in central and west China are more pronounced. Therefore, when dealing with environmental problems, policy-makers need to take local governments' fiscal conditions into account.
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| 10 |
ID:
101498
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| Publication |
2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The potentially damaging effects of climate change make it imperative to develop zero-carbon energy systems and societies based on renewable energy sources that do not negatively affect the environment. However, these systems are often criticized for their intermittency, and the present paper proposes a method to analyze the true minimum capacity factor that can be expected from such a system based on a historical hourly estimation of the electricity produced by a given solar-wind generating mix. A simulation was carried out to show how much energy could be produced for a sample future group of scenarios encompassing a variety of solar and wind mixes, and the results show that, with a 1:2 mix of solar to wind energy, the system will always operate at least at 10% capacity from 10:00 to 16:00, as calculated using the meteorological conditions of the year 2001. This study also analyzes the land requirements necessary to implement such a solar-wind energy system, highlighting the vast areas that would be necessary to be covered with wind turbines and solar panels if such a system were to supply the majority of the electricity demand in Japan.
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| 11 |
ID:
187164
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| Summary/Abstract |
Drawing on an examination of Chinese language textbooks for Tibetan ethnic students in the Tibet Autonomous Region of mainland China, this study scrutinises the representation of Tibetan images and the official attitude towards Tibet embedded in the textbooks. Using multimodal discourse analysis (MDA), the paper investigates how government perceptions of Tibet are constructed through the co-deployment of visual and textual semiotic resources in Chinese language textbooks. This study suggests an overall positive attitude towards Tibet shown in the textbooks. However, the references to Tibet or Tibetans are usually situated as topics of the ‘past’, which indicates a sense of their being uncivilised or backwards. The positive yet stereotyped portrayal of Tibet is in line with national identity construction to ensure a unified nation-state. This study examines both text and image in textbooks in order to understand state ideologies and official attitudes towards a minority group.
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| 12 |
ID:
152980
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| Summary/Abstract |
By exploring the composition of the Chinese Communisty Party’s Central Committee since the 1990s, we analyze why state-owned enterprises reform has fallen into a partial reform equilibrium. We argue that two hypotheses, the interest group hypothesis and the adaptive power-sharing hypothesis, should be combined to fully comprehend the partial reform equilibrium symptom.
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| 13 |
ID:
186564
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| Summary/Abstract |
Land fiscalization in China is a local development strategy intended to tilt the distribution of interests disproportionately toward local officials. We propose that the degree of power concentration among provincial Chinese leaders affects their need for support from lower-level bureaucrats. The more that power is dispersed among provincial leaders, the more they are incentivized to dispense benefits to local officials. To test this hypothesis, we used provincial-year panel data spanning 2003–2012 to examine how power concentration among provincial leaders affected land fiscalization within their jurisdictions. The empirical results robustly supported the hypothesis.
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