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ID:
146311
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE ISLAMIC WORLD, which recently entered the year 1437 (according to the Hijri calendar) of its history, is going through a fundamental crisis, perhaps one of the most acute and fateful crises since the emergence of Islam in the early Middle Ages. This crisis to a very large degree stems from the situation within Islam as such and the deepening disagreements between its various trends and schools. To all appearances, such is the evolutionary development logic of all monotheistic world religions, for example, Christianity, which passed through a period of religious "renaissance" and the crucible of inquisition, and finally found its balanced place in the life of human civilization.
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| 2 |
ID:
109987
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The author examines terrorism and offers ways to improve the efficiency of the nationwide system to counter terrorism in the Russian Federation and in its regions.
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| 3 |
ID:
116686
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article analyses EU peer reviews in the fight against terrorism, which constitute a significant and previously unstudied instrument of European security governance. The first part reviews some general features of security governance and outlines two analytical perspectives to assess the effect of peer reviews in this context, namely compliance and learning. The second part surveys the historical development and substantive impact of the EU's peer reviews on the fight against terrorism. Although the first peer review after the attacks of 9/11 was slow to unfold, it eventually came to be regarded as a highly successful exercise that improved mutual trust and the coherence of the European fight against terrorism. It was therefore followed by a second peer review on consequence management in response to terrorist attacks. From a critical perspective, the article argues that the impact of these peer reviews could be doubted from both compliance and learning perspectives, as monitoring and flanking measures have remained too weak. The conclusions raise further avenues for research on peer reviews that are a regular feature of EU security governance.
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| 4 |
ID:
167130
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This article examines the ways in which recent military experiences have affected France's approach to the use of military power, the role of allies and its vision of future warfare. In its management of strategic challenges, we identify the persistence of many traits of France's historical habits and practices. France remains a distinct, outward looking, and militarily willing and able European power. However, the threats that France has sought to address and the operational and financial constraints it has faced in the past decade in particular, have led to significant changes in its approach to and conduct of warfare. In particular, the threat of Islamist terrorism has led to a reframing of French governments' priorities around more narrowly-defined national interests. It has translated into a ‘pragmatic’, or ‘realist’ turn in foreign policy, and a move from ‘wars of choice’ to ‘wars of necessity’. In this context, France's military alliances are being rethought around a core number of functional partnerships to compensate for capability gaps and military overstretch. Meanwhile, French armed forces are getting prepared to face the challenges posed by emerging technologies and the future of Great-Power competition. Overall, the multiple security challenges faced by successive French governments have confirmed, yet redefined, the contours of France's traditional dilemma between a desire for an autonomous defense policy and the reality of a necessary reliance on allies.
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| 5 |
ID:
102324
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