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| 1 |
ID:
184647
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| Summary/Abstract |
A handful of companies dominate the world’s shipping industry. These firms have gained political leverage over the global governance of container shipping in particular. Intriguingly, in recent years the Danish conglomerate Maersk—the world’s biggest container and shipping vessel company since the mid-1990s—has been using its influence to push for higher environmental standards for the industry as a whole. To some extent these initiatives are helping to promote environmental efficiencies, cleaner fuels, and greener technology. But they are also raising costs for small and midsized companies with extremely low profit margins, further enhancing the competitiveness of the biggest shipping conglomerates in an increasingly oligopolistic market. While voluntary self-governance by companies such as Maersk is incrementally improving the environmental management of global shipping, it is also further concentrating governance power within a few transnational corporations, potentially taking more ambitious regulation off the agenda.
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| 2 |
ID:
102865
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| Publication |
2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Piracy in the Gulf of Aden, which first emerged as a serious threat in 2005, has since grown manifold, virtually doubling with each passing year between 2006 and 2009. In 2010, though, there was a slight dip in the number of attacks by the Somali pirates the range of piracy attacks has increased significantly. The response of the global community has been remarkably swift. The UN resolution 1816 of 2008 which first authorised nations to deploy warships for counter-piracy operations in Somali territorial waters has since been followed by several international initiatives. Currently over two dozen warships are deployed in the region on anti piracy patrols. Yet, attacks by Somali pirates continue unabated. This paper seeks to highlight the key challenges faced by naval patrols in the Gulf of Aden and brings out the various options that exist for the global shipping industry.
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