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POLISH ECONOMY (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   103341


Role of coal consumption in the economic growth of the Polish e / Gurgul, Henryk; Lach, Lukasz   Journal Article
Gurgul, Henryk Journal Article
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Publication 2011.
Summary/Abstract The main goal of this paper is an analysis of the causal links between quarterly coal consumption in the Polish economy and GDP. For the sake of accurate computation an additional variable - employment - was also taken into account. Computations conducted for the period Q1 2000 to Q4 2009 by means of recent causality techniques confirmed the neutrality of hard coal usage with respect to economic growth. On the other hand, calculations for the pairs lignite-GDP and total coal consumption-GDP showed the existence of a significant nonlinear causality from coal usage to economic growth. This is clear evidence for claiming that lignite plays an important role in the economic growth of the Polish economy. Furthermore, each coal-related variable was found to have a nonlinear causal impact on employment. Because of the relatively short length of available time series we additionally applied bootstrap critical values. The empirical results computed by both methods did not exhibit significant differences. These results have important policy implications. In general, our findings support the hypothesis that closing hard coal mines in Poland should have no significant repercussions on economic growth. However, this does not seem to be true for lignite mines.
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ID:   128992


Strategies of interest representation: Polish trade unions in EU governance / Lis, Aleksandra   Journal Article
Lis, Aleksandra Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract Poland's European Union accession afforded Polish trade unions membership of European-wide, umbrella trade union organisations. This essay evaluates the strategies Polish trade unions adopted to represent their interests following Poland's accession to the European Union. It draws on a series of interviews and document analysis. In addition the essay seeks to gauge the extent to which Polish trade unions were 'Europeanised', understood in both the context of their adoption of European policy models and their ability to win support for their causes at the European level.
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